Question

nomers learned about the planet neptune even before it was ever observed by using the — to calculate its orbit.
o universal gas laws and law of universal gravitation
o laws of thermodynamics and laws of motion
o law of universal gravitation and laws of motion
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Explanation:

• Universal gas laws: These relate to the behavior of gases (pressure, volume, temperature), not planetary orbits.
• Laws of thermodynamics: Concerned with heat, work, energy transfer in systems, not orbital mechanics.
• Law of universal gravitation: Describes the gravitational force between two masses (\(F = G\frac{m_1m_2}{r^{2}}\)). Planets' gravitational interactions affect their orbits.
• Laws of motion (Newton's): \(F = ma\) (second law) is crucial. The gravitational force (\(F\) from universal gravitation) causes the acceleration (\(a\)) that governs orbital motion.

Answer:

law of universal gravitation and laws of motion