Question

as for nobility in particular persons, it is a reverend thing, to see an ancient castle or building, not in decay, or to see a fair timber tree, sound and perfect. how much more, to behold an ancient noble family, which has stood against the waves and weathers of time! for new nobility is but the act of power, but ancient nobility is the act of time. those that are first raised to nobility, are commonly more virtuous, but less innocent, than their descendants; for there is rarely any rising, but by a commixture of good and evil arts. but it is reason, the memory of their virtues remains to their posterity, and their faults die with themselves. nobility of birth commonly abateth industry, and he that is not industrious, envieth him that is. besides, noble persons cannot go much higher, and he that standeth at a stay, when others rise, can hardly avoid motions of envy. on the other side, nobility extinguisheth the passive envy from others, towards them; because they are in possession of honor. certainly, kings that have able men of their nobility, shall find ease in employing them, and a better slide into their business; for people naturally bend to them, as born in some sort to command. (from the essays or counsels, civil and moral by francis bacon)

1. the author of passage 1 implies that the monarchy

a. rules americans in a fashion consistent with their religion.
b. only redresses actions involving injury and inconvenience.
c. has not dealt with the american population fairly and justly.
d. helps men to obtain advantages and profits from their own labor.

1. which phrase or sentence from the passage best supports the answer to question 21?

a. with authority decide, and from whose decision relief and redress may be expected of any injury or inconvenience
b. he that would have been insolent and injurious in the woods of america, would not probably be much better on a throne
c. where perhaps learning and religion shall be found out to justify all that he shall do to his subjects
d. for this is no more than what every man, who loves his own power, profit, or greatness, (...) who labour and drudge only for his pleasure and advantage

1. the author of passage 1 implies that civil society would benefit greatly from

a. men being able to act as the judges of their own affairs.
b. having any government that would rectify injurious behavior.
c. its citizens appealing to the monarchy to resolve disputes between men.
d. a separation of legislative and executive power in government.

1. the conclusion to passage 1 consists of

a. an explanation regarding how any government will affect the behavior of its subjects.
b. a comparison of the civil and ancient states.
c. a movement away from a discussion of monarchy to a statement about human nature.
d. an exhortation to the reader to respect others within society.

1. the writer of passage 2 implies that

a. the sovereignty of a monarch will temper his power.
b. a person of great nobility will be more powerful.
c. a monarchy may break up groups of insolent subjects.
d. not all descendants of a noble lineage lack virtue.

Explanation:

1. Pregunta 21: Analizando el texto, el autor sugiere que la monarquía no ha tratado equitativamente con la población estadounidense. Las opciones A y D no se refieren al trato de la monarquía con los estadounidenses, y la opción B es demasiado limitada. La opción C se ajusta mejor al tono crítico del autor hacia la monarquía.
2. Pregunta 22: La frase que respalda la idea de que la monarquía no ha sido justa con la población estadounidense es aquella que sugiere que la monarquía puede utilizar la religión para justificar sus acciones en detrimento de los súbditos, lo que se refleja en la opción C.
3. Pregunta 23: El autor implica que la sociedad civil se beneficiaría de un gobierno que rectifique el comportamiento dañino, ya que la monarquía no ha sido justa. La opción B se ajusta a esta idea, ya que un gobierno que rectifique el maltrato sería beneficioso para la sociedad.
4. Pregunta 24: El final del texto parece moverse de una discusión sobre la monarquía a una reflexión sobre la naturaleza humana, lo que se corresponde con la opción C.
5. Pregunta 25: El autor sugiere que no todos los descendientes de linajes nobles carecen de virtud, ya que menciona que aquellos primeros en alcanzar la nobleza solían ser más virtuosos y que su memoria de virtudes perdura. La opción D se ajusta a esta idea.

Answer:

1. C. ha not dealt with the American population fairly and justly.
2. C. where perhaps learning and religion shall be found out to justify all that he shall do to his subjects
3. B. having any government that would rectify injurious behavior.
4. C. a movement away from a discussion of monarchy to a statement about human nature.
5. D. not all descendants of a noble lineage lack virtue.