Question

name________ date____

1. c₄h₈

structural formula:
skeletal formula:

1. c₅h₁₂

structural formula:
skeletal formula:

1. c₃h₆o

structural formula:
skeletal formula:

1. c₅h₁₀o

structural formula:
skeletal formula:

Explanation:

Step1: Analyze \( C_4H_8 \)

First, determine the functional group. The formula \( C_4H_8 \) has a degree of unsaturation: \( \text{Degree of Unsaturation} = \frac{2C + 2 + N - H - X}{2} \) (here \( N = 0, X = 0 \)), so \( \frac{2\times4 + 2 - 8}{2}=1 \). So it could be an alkene or a cyclic alkane. Let's take but - 1 - ene as an example.

Structural Formula:

For but - 1 - ene, the structural formula is \( \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3 \)

Skeletal Formula:

The skeletal formula (showing carbon - carbon bonds, with hydrogens omitted on carbons) for but - 1 - ene is a chain of 4 carbons with a double bond between the first and second carbon:

    C
    |
C = C - C - C

Step2: Analyze \( C_6H_{14} \)

The formula \( C_6H_{14} \) is an alkane (since \( \text{Degree of Unsaturation}=\frac{2\times6 + 2-14}{2}=0 \)). Let's take n - hexane.

Structural Formula:

The structural formula is \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3 \)

Skeletal Formula:

The skeletal formula is a straight chain of 6 carbons:

C - C - C - C - C - C

Step3: Analyze \( C_2H_6O \)

The formula \( C_2H_6O \) can be ethanol (\( \text{C}_2\text{H}_5\text{OH} \)) or dimethyl ether (\( \text{CH}_3-\text{O}-\text{CH}_3 \)). Let's take ethanol.

Structural Formula:

The structural formula is \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH} \)

Skeletal Formula:

The skeletal formula (for ethanol) is a chain of 2 carbons with an - OH group on the second carbon:

C - C - OH

Step4: Analyze \( C_6H_{14}O \)

Let's consider hexan - 1 - ol. The degree of unsaturation: \( \frac{2\times6+2 - 14 - 0}{2}=0 \) (since \( O \) doesn't affect the degree of unsaturation in this formula). So it's an alcohol (or ether). For hexan - 1 - ol:

Structural Formula:

The structural formula is \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH} \)

Skeletal Formula:

The skeletal formula is a chain of 6 carbons with an - OH group on the end:

C - C - C - C - C - C - OH

Answer:

For \( C_4H_8 \)

• Structural Formula: \( \text{CH}_2=\text{CH}-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3 \) (example, could also be cyclic isomers)
• Skeletal Formula: Chain of 4 C with double bond between 1st and 2nd C (as shown above)

For \( C_6H_{14} \)

• Structural Formula: \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_3 \) (n - hexane, could also be branched isomers)
• Skeletal Formula: Straight chain of 6 C (as shown above)

For \( C_2H_6O \)

• Structural Formula: \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH} \) (ethanol, could also be dimethyl ether)
• Skeletal Formula: Chain of 2 C with - OH on 2nd C (as shown above)

For \( C_6H_{14}O \)

• Structural Formula: \( \text{CH}_3-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{CH}_2-\text{OH} \) (hexan - 1 - ol, could also be branched or ether isomers)
• Skeletal Formula: Chain of 6 C with - OH on end (as shown above)