Question

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which are examples of ionic bonding?
in $h_2o$, an oxygen atom and two hydrogen atoms share electrons.
in $mgcl_2$, a magnesium atom loses two electrons while two chlorine atoms gain one electron each.
sodium ions, $na^+$, and bromine ions, $br^-$, are attracted in a 1:1 ratio.
potassium and fluorine react to form potassium fluoride.
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Explanation:

Ionic bonding occurs when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, resulting in the formation of ions that are held together by electrostatic forces.

• In \(H_2O\), electrons are shared (covalent bonding), so it is not an example of ionic bonding.
• In \(MgCl_2\), magnesium loses electrons (forms \(Mg^{2 +}\)) and chlorine gains electrons (forms \(Cl^-\)), which is ionic bonding.
• Sodium ions (\(Na^+\)) and bromide ions (\(Br^-\)) are attracted by electrostatic forces (ionic bonding).
• Potassium (metal) and fluorine (non - metal) react, with potassium losing an electron (forming \(K^+\)) and fluorine gaining an electron (forming \(F^-\)), resulting in ionic bonding (potassium fluoride, \(KF\)).

Answer:

• In \(MgCl_2\), a magnesium atom loses two electrons while two chlorine atoms gain one electron each.
• Sodium ions, \(Na^+\), and bromine ions, \(Br^-\), are attracted in a \(1:1\) ratio.
• Potassium and fluorine react to form potassium fluoride.