Question

1 multiple choice 1 point
which of the following is the correct definition of evidence as it relates to clinical research?
evidence is a collection of facts that are believed to be true
evidence is data based on the real-world experience of the healthcare professional
evidence is data collected from high-quality qualitative research studies
evidence is a mathematical probability estimated from the p-value of quantitative research studies

2 multiple choice 1 point
external evidence collected through rigorous research studies is intended to be generalized, which means it can be used:
in other settings than the one described in the research study
for patients of any age
for diseases other than those described in the research study
regardless of the patients personal values or preferences

3 multiple choice 1 point
an evidence hierarchy is a ranked arrangement of:
the strength of research evidence based on the rigor and the method that produced the research
the estimated costs of the research studies needed to produce the evidence
the comparative ease of conducting research studies to produce the necessary evidence
the preferred research study methodology related to the patient population

Explanation:

Analyze definition of clinical evidence

In clinical research and evidence-based practice, evidence is defined as a collection of facts believed to be true. It is not limited only to professional experience, qualitative studies, or quantitative p-values.

Analyze generalizability of external evidence

Generalizability refers to the extension of research findings from a study sample to other populations, settings, or times. Therefore, external evidence is intended to be used in other settings than the one described in the study.

Analyze evidence hierarchy ranking

An evidence hierarchy is a system that ranks research designs based on their susceptibility to bias. It ranks the strength of research evidence based on the rigor and method that produced the research.

Answer:

Question 1

• (A) Evidence is a collection of facts that are believed to be true (Correct answer)
• (B) Evidence is data based on the real-world experience of the healthcare professional
• (C) Evidence is data collected from high-quality qualitative research studies
• (D) Evidence is a mathematical probability estimated from the p-value of quantitative research studies

Question 2

• (A) in other settings than the one described in the research study (Correct answer)
• (B) for patients of any age
• (C) for diseases other than those described in the research study
• (D) regardless of the patient's personal values or preferences

Question 3

• (A) the strength of research evidence based on the rigor and the method that produced the research (Correct answer)
• (B) the estimated costs of the research studies needed to produce the evidence
• (C) the comparative ease of conducting research studies to produce the necessary evidence
• (D) the preferred research study methodology related to the patient population