Question

1. mosquito fish found on the islands of the bahamas live in various isolated freshwater ponds that were once a single body of water. when several male and female mosquito fish are taken from two isolated ponds and placed into a single pond, the breeding preference of each mosquito fish is for fish from its own original pond. which of these most likely resulted in this breeding preference?

a. availability of food influenced the breeding preferences of the fish.
b. competition for a suitable mate influenced the breeding preferences.
c. predators in the pond influenced the breeding preferences of the fish.
d. speciation due to reproductive isolation influenced the breeding preferences.

1. the drawing shows a dark - colored peppered moth and a light - colored peppered moth. the increased use of coal in 19th - century england lead to the coating of the landscape with black coal dust. the event coincided with a change in peppered moth populations. over time, the frequency of dark - colored moths became greater than that of light - colored moths. what was the advantage of the dark - colored moths over the light - colored moths?

a. the dark color allowed them to successfully migrate.
b. the dark color helped them to successfully catch prey.
c. the dark color increased their ability to hide from predators.
d. the dark color prevented coal dust from harming their wings.

1. some antibiotics used to treat infections in humans are also used to treat chickens, but some groups oppose this practice. the overuse of antibiotics will most likely influence the natural selection of which type of organisms?

a. chickens that naturally make the antibiotics
b. microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics
c. microbes that are susceptible to the antibiotics
d. chickens that are resistant to infection

1. the ability to roll the tongue in humans is coded by the dominant allele r. the inability to roll the tongue is coded by the recessive allele r. a man with an rr allele combination for the trait produces a zygote with a woman with an rr allele combination for the trait. which allele combination could occur in the zygote?

a. rrrr c. rr
b. rr d. rr
open response: the cutting down of trees in the rainforest is leading to environment explain two reasons why it is better to leave the trees in place.

Explanation:

1. The mosquito fish became reproductively isolated after their original pond split into smaller isolated ponds. Over time, this allopatric reproductive isolation led to incipient speciation, causing them to prefer mating with fish from their own original pond.
2. The coal dust darkened the trees and landscape. Dark-colored moths were camouflaged against this background, making them harder for bird predators to spot compared to light-colored moths.
3. Overusing antibiotics kills off susceptible microbes, leaving antibiotic-resistant microbes to survive, reproduce, and increase in frequency via natural selection.
4. The father can only pass on an $R$ allele, and the mother can only pass on an $r$ allele, so the only possible zygote genotype is $Rr$.
5. 1. Rainforest trees absorb large amounts of atmospheric $\text{CO}_2$, helping mitigate climate change and regulate global temperatures.
6. Rainforests are the most biodiverse terrestrial ecosystems on Earth; preserving trees protects habitat for countless plant, animal, and fungal species, preventing mass extinctions.

Answer:

1. d. Speciation due to reproductive isolation influenced the breeding preferences.
2. c. The dark color increased their ability to hide from predators.
3. b. microbes that are resistant to the antibiotics
4. b. $Rr$
5. 1. Trees reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide to fight climate change.
6. Trees provide critical habitat for endangered rainforest species.