Question

local governments are the level of government that people interact the most directly with. read the passage, then follow the instructions below. states delegate powers to local governments to meet community needs in designated areas. different states give different levels of independence to local governments. most states follow dillon’s rule, which says that local governments only have the powers that the state explicitly gives them. however, some state constitutions grant local governments home rule, meaning they have the authority to pass any necessary local law, as long as it does not contradict state laws. regardless of how they receive their powers, local governments pass laws to promote the health, safety, and overall well - being of their community. these local laws are usually called ordinances and can cover everything from parking regulations to building codes to whether it is legal to sell alcohol. sort each example to the rule. city b votes to lower speed limits. the state has not given city b power to set speed limits, but it does not violate state law. so, city b can lower speed limits. county d votes to ban industrial construction. the state has given county d power to make zoning laws. so, the ban can go into effect. county c votes to open a school. the county doesn’t have a specific power to open schools, but it doesn’t violate state law. so, county c can open the school. city a votes to place an extra tax on soft drinks. the state has not given it the power to impose sales taxes. so, the new tax cannot go into effect. dillon’s rule home rule

Explanation:

To solve this, we first recall the definitions:

• Dillon’s Rule: Local governments only have powers explicitly given by the state. If the state hasn't given a power, the local government can't act.
• Home Rule: Local governments can pass necessary local laws as long as they don't contradict state laws (even if the state didn't explicitly give that power).

Now, analyze each example:

For Dillon’s Rule:

• County D: The state gave County D the power to make zoning laws, and the ban on industrial construction is a zoning - related action. So it's acting within the explicitly given power.
• City A: The state has not given City A the power to impose sales taxes, so the new tax cannot go into effect (acting only within explicitly given powers).

For Home Rule:

• City B: The state has not given City B the power to set speed limits, but the action (lowering speed limits) does not violate state law. So it can act under Home Rule.
• County C: The county doesn't have a specific power to open schools, but it doesn't violate state law. So it can act under Home Rule.

Answer:

Dillon’s Rule:

• County D votes to ban industrial construction. The state has given County D power to make zoning laws. So, the ban can go into effect.
• City A votes to place an extra tax on soft drinks. The state has not given it the power to impose sales taxes. So, the new tax cannot go into effect.

Home Rule:

• City B votes to lower speed limits. The state has not given City B power to set speed limits, but it does not violate state law. So, City B can lower speed limits.
• County C votes to open a school. The county doesn't have a specific power to open schools, but it doesn't violate state law. So, County C can open the school.