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judicial branch 1. how many justices are on the supreme court? 2. what …

Question

judicial branch

  1. how many justices are on the supreme court?
  2. what is the term for supreme court justices?
  3. how are justices put on the supreme court? who appoints and who confirms?
  4. which article of the constitution spells out the:

a. judicial branch?
b. executive branch?
c. legislative branch?
executive branch

  1. when is the general election always held?
  2. know the difference between a liberal and a conservative. (democrat and republican). symbols that are used? colors?
  3. when is a newly elected president inaugurated?
  4. what is the president’s cabinet? how many departments are there?
  5. how long is the president elected? how many terms can they serve?
  6. what are the qualifications for becoming president and v - president?
  7. who is the vice president also the leader of?
  8. when a president is impeached, who tries the case?
  9. what is a veto? how can it be overridden? what is a pocket veto?
  10. what does it mean to be impeached? which two presidents have been?
  11. explain a pardon & commutation

Explanation:

Brief Explanations

These questions are about the U.S. government's branches (Judicial, Executive) and related constitutional/governmental processes. The subfield of Social Science, specifically Politics (or Law, as some questions relate to constitutional law), applies. Politics deals with government structures, political processes, and institutions like the Supreme Court, presidency, and constitutional articles.

Question 1:

The Supreme Court has 9 justices (after recent history; originally set up with provisions, now fixed at 9).

Question 2:

Supreme Court justices have lifetime terms (they serve "during good Behaviour" as per the Constitution, effectively lifetime unless they resign, retire, or are removed, though removal is rare).

Question 3:

Justices are appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate (majority vote in the Senate, typically). The process is: President nominates a candidate, the Senate Judiciary Committee holds hearings, then the full Senate votes to confirm.

Question 4:
  • a. The Judicial Branch is spelled out in Article III of the U.S. Constitution.
  • b. The Executive Branch is in Article II.
  • c. The Legislative Branch is in Article I.
Question 6:

General elections for President (and Congress) are always held on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in November (e.g., November 5, 2024, etc.).

Question 7:
  • Liberals (often associated with Democrats) tend to support more government intervention in social/economic issues, progressive social policies (e.g., LGBTQ+ rights, healthcare reform). Their symbol is the donkey, color blue.
  • Conservatives (often Republicans) support limited government, traditional social values, free-market economics. Their symbol is the elephant, color red.
Question 8:

A newly elected president is inaugurated on January 20th following the election (e.g., 2025 for the 2024 election winner).

Question 9:

The President’s Cabinet is a group of department heads (Secretaries) who advise the President. There are 15 executive departments (e.g., State, Treasury, Defense, etc.).

Question 10:

A President is elected for a 4 - year term. Since the 22nd Amendment, they can serve a maximum of 2 terms (8 years total; exceptions for succession where a president serves less than 2 years of a predecessor’s term, they can serve up to 10 years, but 2 full terms is the norm).

Question 11:

To be President/Vice - President:

  • At least 35 years old.
  • A natural - born U.S. citizen.
  • A resident of the U.S. for at least 14 years.
Question 12:

The Vice President is also the leader of the Senate (presides over the Senate, can cast tie - breaking votes).

Question 13:

When a President is impeached, the Senate tries the case (the House of Representatives impeaches by passing articles of impeachment, then the Senate holds the trial; a two - thirds vote in the Senate is needed to convict and remove).

Question 14:
  • Veto: The President’s power to reject a bill passed by Congress, preventing it from becoming law.
  • Override: Congress can override a veto with a two - thirds vote in both the House and the Senate.
  • Pocket Veto: If Congress adjourns within 10 days of sending a bill to the President, and the President does not sign it, the bill does not become law (it’s “pocketed” and vetoed without a formal veto message).
Question 15:

Impeachment is a formal accusation of wrongdoing (high crimes and misdemeanors) against a government official. Two U.S. Presidents have been impeached: Andrew Johnson (1868) and Bill Clinton (1998); neither was removed from office. (Donald Trump was impe…

Answer:

1. 9 justices.
2. Lifetime (during good Behaviour).
3. Appointed by President, confirmed by Senate.
4. a. Article III; b. Article II; c. Article I.
6. First Tuesday after first Monday in November.
7. Liberals (Democrats): donkey, blue, progressive policies; Conservatives (Republicans): elephant, red, traditional values.
8. January 20th.
9. Cabinet: department heads advising Pres; 15 departments.
10. 4 - year term, 2 terms max.
11. 35+, natural - born, 14 - year resident.
12. Senate.
13. Senate.
14. Veto: reject bill; Override: 2/3 Congress; Pocket veto: no sign in 10 days, Congress adjourned.
15. Impeachment: accuse of wrongdoing; Johnson, Clinton (Trump twice).
16. Pardon: forgive crime; Commutation: reduce sentence.