integrated science midterm review guide
answer the following questions to help you prepare for your midterm exam. use your notebooks, google classroom notes or a textbook to guide you.
mitosis & cell cycle (1–14)
1. what is the main purpose of mitosis?
a to increase genetic variation
b to make identical body cells
c to form haploid cells
d to produce gametes
explain:
2. which type of cell division is used for growth and repair?
a division
b fertilization
c meiosis
d mitosis
explain:
3. during which phase do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell?
a anaphase
b telophase
c metaphase
d prophase
explain:
4. in which phase do sister chromatids separate?
a metaphase
b telophase
c prophase
d anaphase
explain:
5. what structure helps pull chromatids apart during mitosis?
a cytoplasm
b spindle fibers
c cell membrane
d ribosomes
explain:
6. why is mitosis important for maintaining chromosome number?
a it increases mutations
b it reduces chromosome number
c it creates identical daughter cells
d it produces gametes
explain:
7. what happens during interphase?
a the nucleus disappears
b dna is copied
c chromosomes separate
d the cell divides
explain:
8. which phase of the cell cycle takes the longest amount of time?
a telophase
b cytokinesis
c interphase
d mitosis
explain:
9. what is cytokinesis?
a chromosome pairing
b nuclear division
c cytoplasm division
d dna replication
explain:
10. if a human body cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after mitosis?
a 92
b 44
c 23
d 46
explain:
11. how does mitosis help heal wounds?
a by increasing mutations
b by making new identical cells
c by reducing cell size
d by producing gametes
explain:
12 explain:

Question

Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall mitosis purpose
Mitosis is a cell division process. Its main role is to produce two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. This is used for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction. Option A is for meiosis (increases variation), B is about making identical body cells (correct), C is for meiosis (forms haploid gametes), D is meiosis.
# Answer:
B. To make identical body cells

### Question 2
# Explanation:
## Step1: Analyze cell division types
- Division (A) is general, Fertilization (B) is union of gametes, Meiosis (C) makes gametes, Mitosis (D) makes identical cells for growth/repair. Mitosis is used for growth and repair as it produces identical daughter cells to replace damaged or grow new tissue.
# Answer:
D. Mitosis

### Question 3
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall mitosis phases
- Anaphase (A): chromosomes separate. Telophase (B): nuclear envelope reforms. Metaphase (C): chromosomes line up at the equator (middle) of the cell. Prophase (D): chromosomes condense. So during Metaphase, chromosomes line up in the middle.
# Answer:
C. Metaphase

### Question 4
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall sister chromatid separation
- Metaphase (A): chromosomes line up. Telophase (B): final phase. Prophase (C): chromosomes condense. Anaphase (D): sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles. So in Anaphase, sister chromatids separate.
# Answer:
D. Anaphase

### Question 5
# Explanation:
## Step1: Identify structure for chromatid separation
- Cytoplasm (A) is the cell fluid. Spindle fibers (B) are part of the spindle apparatus that attach to chromosomes and pull them apart. Cell membrane (C) is the cell boundary. Ribosomes (D) make proteins. So spindle fibers help pull chromatids apart.
# Answer:
B. Spindle fibers

### Question 6
# Brief Explanations:
Mitosis produces two daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell. Option A: mitosis doesn't increase mutations. Option B: mitosis maintains, not reduces, chromosome number (meiosis reduces). Option C: mitosis creates identical daughter cells, which is key for maintaining chromosome number in somatic cells. Option D: mitosis doesn't produce gametes (meiosis does). So mitosis is important for maintaining chromosome number by creating identical daughter cells.
# Answer:
C. It creates identical daughter cells

### Question 7
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall interphase events
- Interphase has G1, S, G2 phases. In S phase, DNA replication occurs (DNA is copied). The nucleus doesn't disappear (A) in interphase (disappears in prophase). Chromosomes separate (C) in anaphase. Cell divides (D) in cytokinesis. So during interphase, DNA is copied.
# Answer:
B. DNA is copied

### Question 8
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall cell cycle phases duration
- Interphase (C) is the longest phase of the cell cycle, as it includes G1 (growth), S (DNA replication), and G2 (preparation for mitosis). Telophase (A) is short, Cytokinesis (B) is short, Mitosis (D) is shorter than interphase. So Interphase takes the longest time.
# Answer:
C. Interphase

### Question 9
# Explanation:
## Step1: Define cytokinesis
- Cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm (C) after mitosis, resulting in two daughter cells. Chromosome pairing (A) is in meiosis. Nuclear division (B) is mitosis. DNA replication (D) is in interphase. So cytokinesis is cytoplasm division.
# Answer:
C. Cytoplasm division

### Question 10
# Explanation:
## Step1: Mitosis chromosome number
- Mitosis produces daughter cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell. If the parent cell has 46 chromosomes, each daughter cell will also have 46. Option A: 92 is if chromosomes didn't separate, but mitosis ensures equal distribution. Option B: 44 is incorrect. Option D: 46 is correct.
# Answer:
D. 46

### Question 11
# Explanation:
## Step1: Mitosis in wound healing
- Mitosis helps heal wounds by making new identical cells (B) to replace damaged tissue. Increasing mutations (A) is not good. Reducing cell size (C) isn't how it heals. Producing gametes (D) is meiosis, not mitosis. So mitosis helps by making new identical cells.
# Answer:
B. By making new identical cells

### Question 12
# Brief Explanations:
Mitosis is for growth, repair, and asexual reproduction, producing identical somatic cells. Producing gametes (D) is done by meiosis, not mitosis. So the statement that is NOT a function of mitosis is producing gametes.
# Answer:
D. By producing gametes

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Explanation:

Question 1

Step1: Recall mitosis purpose

Step1: Analyze cell division types

Step1: Recall mitosis phases

Answer:

Question 2