Question

1. identify the process shown in the illustration below:

a. combustion
b. dehydration synthesis
c. decomposition
d. hydrolysis

1. what are the reactants in a dehydration synthesis reaction?

a. two monomers
b. two polymers
c. a monomer and a water molecule
d. a polymer and a water molecule

1. there are many different types of proteins created by bonding amino acids together. how is this possible when there is a small set of amino acids?

a. each protein is composed of 1 - 2 unique monomers
b. each protein has exactly the same monomers
c. each protein is an arrangement of monomers in a unique manner
d. each protein acts differently depending upon the organism

1. monomers are bonded together by which of the following processes?

a. hydrolysis
b. non - hydration lysis
c. ionic bonding
d. dehydration synthesis

1. which of the following lists correctly identifies the characteristic structures within an amino acid?

a. ammonia - carbon group - side chain
b. nh₃ - cooh - side chain
c. no₂ - coh - side chain

Explanation:

• Question 6: Hydrolysis is the process of breaking down a compound by reacting it with water. In the illustration, a larger molecule is being split into two smaller molecules, which is characteristic of hydrolysis. Combustion involves reaction with oxygen to produce heat and light. Dehydration synthesis is the opposite (building up by removing water). Decomposition is a more general breakdown (not necessarily with water).
• Question 7: In dehydration synthesis, two monomers react with each other, and a water molecule is removed as a by - product. Polymers are made up of monomers and are not reactants in dehydration synthesis. A monomer and water molecule would be more related to hydrolysis (as water is added in hydrolysis).
• Question 8: Proteins are made of amino acids (monomers). The variety comes from the different arrangements (sequence, folding etc.) of these amino acids. Each protein is not composed of only 1 - 2 unique monomers (there are 20 common amino acids). They don't all have the same monomers. The action depending on the organism is a result of the structure, which is due to monomer arrangement.
• Question 9: Dehydration synthesis is the process by which monomers are bonded together. Hydrolysis breaks bonds (adds water). Non - hydration lysis is not a standard biochemical term. Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bond (not a process for bonding monomers in biological macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates etc.).
• Question 10: An amino acid has an amino group (\(NH_2\), can be protonated as \(NH_3^+\)), a carboxyl group (\(COOH\)) and a side chain (\(R\) group). \(NH_3\) (ammonia) is not part of the amino acid structure (the amino group is \(NH_2\) or \(NH_3^+\)). \(NO_2\) (nitrite) and \(COH\) are not standard parts of an amino acid structure.

Answer:

1. d. hydrolysis
2. a. Two monomers
3. c. each protein is an arrangement of monomers in a unique manner
4. d. dehydration synthesis
5. b. \(NH_3 - COOH -\) side chain