Question

Question was provided via image upload.

Explanation:

Analyze the given alleles

The problem states:

• \(T\) represents the dominant allele for a tall stem.
• \(t\) represents the recessive allele for a short stem.

Analyze the Punnett squares

• First Generation Cross:
• Parent 1: \(T\) and \(T\) (homozygous dominant, \(TT\))
• Parent 2: \(t\) and \(t\) (homozygous recessive, \(tt\))
• Offspring: All are \(Tt\) (heterozygous, tall phenotype).

• Second Generation Cross:
• Parent 1: \(T\) and \(t\) (heterozygous, \(Tt\))
• Parent 2: \(T\) and \(t\) (heterozygous, \(Tt\))
• Offspring: \(TT\) (homozygous dominant), \(Tt\) (heterozygous), \(tt\) (homozygous recessive).

Evaluate the statements

Let's read the visible parts of the options:

1. "Plants with short stems are homozygous for that trait."

• Short stem is recessive (\(tt\)). Recessive traits only express when homozygous. This statement is true.

1. "Plants with tall stems are always homozygous for that trait."

• Tall plants can be \(TT\) (homozygous) or \(Tt\) (heterozygous). This statement is false.

1. "Both parent plants in second generation are homozygous."

• The parents in the second generation are \(Tt\) and \(Tt\), which are heterozygous. This statement is false.

1. "Both parent plants in second generation are heterozygous."

• The parents in the second generation are both \(Tt\). This statement is true.

Select the two correct statements

The two true statements are:

• Plants with short stems are homozygous for that trait.
• Both parent plants in the second generation are heterozygous.

Answer:

• Plants with short stems are homozygous for that trait. (Correct answer)
• Plants with tall stems are always homozygous for that trait.
• Both parent plants in second generation are homozygous.
• Both parent plants in second generation are heterozygous. (Correct answer)