Question

how could we use this equipment to gather data to identify matter changes and energy transfers? (design/ describe a lab)

• ethanol (fuel)
• beaker
• empty tea candle holder
• piezo igniter (spark plug)

what are some ways we might see whether an energy transfer is occurring? (what will you observer or

Explanation:

First Sub - Question (Design a lab to gather data for matter changes and energy transfers)

Step 1: Setup the Equipment

Place the empty tea candle holder in the beaker. Pour a small amount of ethanol into the tea candle holder.

Step 2: Ignite the Ethanol

Use the piezo igniter to light the ethanol in the tea candle holder.

Step 3: Observe Matter Changes

• Physical Changes: Note the state of ethanol before (liquid) and during/after burning (vaporizes, then may leave some residue). Also, observe if there are any changes in the beaker (e.g., condensation on the beaker walls as water vapor from combustion cools).
• Chemical Changes: The burning of ethanol ($\ce{C2H5OH + 3O2 -> 2CO2 + 3H2O}$) is a chemical change. Observe the flame (color, intensity) as a sign of the chemical reaction.

Step 4: Observe Energy Transfers

• Heat Transfer: Feel the beaker (carefully, using gloves or a tongs) to see if it gets warmer, indicating heat energy transfer from the burning ethanol to the beaker. Also, observe if the surrounding air seems warmer.
• Light Energy: The flame produces light, which is another form of energy transfer from the chemical energy of ethanol.

Second Sub - Question (Ways to see energy transfer)

• Heat Detection: Touch the beaker (safely) or use a thermometer to measure temperature changes. An increase in temperature indicates heat energy transfer (e.g., from the burning ethanol to the beaker and surroundings).
• Light Observation: The flame from burning ethanol emits light, which is a form of energy transfer (chemical energy in ethanol is converted to light energy).
• Matter Movement/Change: For example, if we place a cold object (like a metal spoon) above the flame, we can see condensation (water droplets) forming as water vapor from combustion cools. This shows energy transfer (heat from the flame to the cold object, causing the water vapor to lose energy and condense) and also matter change (water vapor to liquid water).

Answer:

First Sub - Question (Lab Design)

1. Setup: Put the empty tea candle holder in the beaker and add ethanol to the holder.
2. Ignition: Use the piezo igniter to light the ethanol.
3. Observation:

• Matter Changes: Note ethanol's state (liquid to vapor, possible residue), beaker condensation (water vapor to liquid). Observe the chemical reaction (flame) for the chemical change of ethanol burning.
• Energy Transfers: Feel beaker temperature (heat transfer), observe flame (light energy), and observe condensation (energy - driven matter change).

Second Sub - Question (Ways to See Energy Transfer)

• Heat: Feel beaker warmth or use a thermometer.
• Light: Observe the flame.
• Matter - related: See condensation on a cold object above the flame (shows heat transfer and matter change).