Question

how long does it take for the earth to complete one full rotation on its axis?
12 hours
24 hours
23 hours and 56 minutes
365 days
why is summer warmer than winter?
the earth is closer to the sun
the hemisphere receives more hours of sunlight
the moons gravitational pull
the suns increased energy output

Explanation:

For the first question, the Earth's sidereal rotation period (one full rotation relative to the stars) is approximately 23 hours and 56 minutes. However, due to the Earth's revolution around the Sun, the solar day (the time from one noon to the next) is about 24 hours. But when strictly talking about one full rotation on its axis (sidereal day), it's 23 hours and 56 minutes.
For the second question, summer is warmer than winter mainly because the hemisphere (in question) receives more hours of sunlight. The Earth's distance from the Sun has a negligible effect on seasons (Earth is actually closer to the Sun in January in the northern hemisphere winter). The Moon's gravitational pull affects tides, not seasons. The Sun's energy output is relatively stable over the short - term (the time - scale of seasons).

Answer:

1. 23 hours and 56 minutes
2. The hemisphere receives more hours of sunlight