Question

1. how are each of the substances in problem 3 alike? without knowing substances in problem 3 10. write the electron - configuration for a. n__ b. p c. as 11. what are valence electrons? 12. how many valence electrons are in the following element? a. f b. cl c. br d. i e. o f. s g. se h. te 13. by looking at the valence electrons why are f, cl, br and iodine in the same column of the periodic table?__ 14. create a circle that fills the whole box where the largest atom exists in the periodic table. 15. put a dot where the smallest atom is in the periodic table. 16. draw an arrow from the circle to the dot. 17. write on the line of the arrow. (trend in atomic size)

Explanation:

Step1: Recall electron - configuration rules

Electrons fill orbitals in order of increasing energy: 1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p etc.

Step2: Find electron - configuration of N

Nitrogen (N) has 7 electrons. The electron - configuration is 1s²2s²2p³.

Step3: Find electron - configuration of P

Phosphorus (P) has 15 electrons. The electron - configuration is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p³.

Step4: Find electron - configuration of As

Arsenic (As) has 33 electrons. The electron - configuration is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p³.

Step5: Define valence electrons

Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom. They are involved in chemical bonding.

Step6: Determine valence electrons of P

Phosphorus (P) has 5 valence electrons (3s²3p³).

Step7: Determine valence electrons of Cl

Chlorine (Cl) has 7 valence electrons (3s²3p⁵).

Step8: Determine valence electrons of Br

Bromine (Br) has 7 valence electrons (4s²4p⁵).

Step9: Determine valence electrons of I

Iodine (I) has 7 valence electrons (5s²5p⁵).

Step10: Determine valence electrons of O

Oxygen (O) has 6 valence electrons (2s²2p⁴).

Step11: Determine valence electrons of S

Sulfur (S) has 6 valence electrons (3s²3p⁴).

Step12: Determine valence electrons of Se

Selenium (Se) has 6 valence electrons (4s²4p⁴).

Step13: Determine valence electrons of Te

Tellurium (Te) has 6 valence electrons (5s²5p⁴).

Step14: Explain group placement of F, Cl, Br, I

F, Cl, Br, and I are in the same column (Group 17) of the periodic table because they all have 7 valence electrons. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties due to the same number of valence electrons.

Step15: Identify largest and smallest atoms

The largest atom in the periodic table is Francium (Fr) and the smallest is Helium (He). For the drawing part, a circle can be drawn in the box corresponding to Francium and a dot can be placed in the box corresponding to Helium, and an arrow can be drawn from the circle to the dot with "Trend in Atomic size" written on the arrow.

Answer:

1. a. 1s²2s²2p³

b. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p³
c. 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d¹⁰4p³

1. Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of an atom and are involved in chemical bonding.
2. a. 5

b. 7
c. 7
d. 7
e. 6
f. 6
g. 6
h. 6

1. F, Cl, Br, and I are in the same column of the periodic table because they all have 7 valence electrons, and elements with the same number of valence electrons have similar chemical properties.

14 - 17: Draw a circle in the box corresponding to Francium (Fr), a dot in the box corresponding to Helium (He), an arrow from the circle to the dot, and write "Trend in Atomic size" on the arrow.