Question

how does the constitution balance state powers with powers granted to the national government? how does it limit each set of powers?

Explanation:

The Constitution balances state and national government powers through federalism. It grants specific powers to the national government (enumerated powers), reserves some for the states (reserved powers), and allows for concurrent powers (shared by both). It limits powers via separation of powers (within the national government - legislative, executive, judicial branches) and checks and balances (each branch can limit the others). For states, the Constitution may limit actions that interfere with national interests (e.g., states can't make treaties).

Answer:

The Constitution balances state and national government powers via federalism (enumerated, reserved, concurrent powers). It limits powers through separation of powers (within national govt) and checks and balances (branches limit each other), and also limits state actions that conflict with national interests.