Question

hand draw in this space or click here to select edit to use the drawing tool. label ( ) the first p - wave and the first s - wave. estimate the time difference (δt), and then use your graph to find the distance to the epicenter. (as in the gizmo, each vertical line represents 50 seconds.)

Explanation:

Step1: Identify P and S waves

Locate the first arrival of P and S waves on the seismogram.

Step2: Estimate $\Delta t$

Count vertical intervals and multiply by 50 s.

Step3: Find distance

Use $\Delta t$ with relevant graph or formula.

Answer:

For each seismogram:

• $\Delta t$: Need to visually estimate the time - difference between the first P - wave and the first S - wave on the seismogram. Since each vertical line represents 50 seconds, count the number of vertical intervals between the arrival of the first P - wave and the first S - wave and multiply by 50 seconds.
• Distance: After obtaining $\Delta t$, use a pre - established relationship (such as a graph or formula) that relates the time - difference between P and S waves ($\Delta t$) to the distance to the epicenter. This relationship is based on the different speeds of P and S waves through the Earth's interior. Without the specific graph or formula here, we can't calculate the exact distance value.