Question

fill in the blanks.

1. in piagets theory, ______________ is the final stage of cognitive development and is characterized by the ability to think abstractly.
2. the ability to develop, consider, and test hypotheses is called ______________ by piaget.
3. the \facts\ a person has acquired is part of ______________
4. during ______________ morality, kohlberg proposes that control is external and rules are obeyed in order to gain rewards or avoid punishment.
5. during ______________ morality, kohlberg proposes that the standard of authority figures are internalized.
6. it is during ______________ morality that kohlberg says people follow internally held moral principles.
7. ______________ is elkinds term for the conviction that one is special, unique, and not subject to the rules that govern the rest of the world.
8. ______________ is elkinds term for an observer who exists only in an adolescents mind and is as concerned with the adolescents thoughts and actions as the adolescent is.
9. in language development, ______________ is the ability to understand another persons point of view and level of knowledge and tailor speech accordingly.
10. ______________ consists of all the skills a person has acquired.

Explanation:

1. Piaget's theory has four stages of cognitive development, with the formal operational stage being the last, where abstract thinking occurs.
2. Piaget defined the ability to develop, consider, and test hypotheses as hypothetico - deductive reasoning.
3. The “facts” a person has acquired are part of crystallized intelligence (a concept related to cognitive development).
4. Kohlberg's preconventional morality stage has external control, and rules are obeyed for rewards or to avoid punishment.
5. In Kohlberg's conventional morality, the standards of authority figures are internalized.
6. Kohlberg's post - conventional morality is when people follow internally held moral principles.
7. Elkind's personal fable is the conviction of being special, unique, and not subject to general rules.
8. Elkind's imaginary audience is the observer in an adolescent's mind concerned with their thoughts and actions.
9. In language development, pragmatic competence is the ability to tailor speech based on understanding another's viewpoint and knowledge.
10. The skills a person has acquired make up their competence (a general term for accumulated skills).

Answer:

1. formal operational stage
2. hypothetico - deductive reasoning
3. crystallized intelligence
4. preconventional
5. conventional
6. post - conventional
7. personal fable
8. imaginary audience
9. pragmatic competence
10. competence