Question

failure of fusion of the urethra on the ventral surface of the penis is known as:
epispadias
hydronephrosis
hypospadias
phimosis
cystocele

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Epispadias: Urethra opening on dorsal (top) of penis, not ventral. Eliminate.
• Hydronephrosis: Kidney swelling from urine buildup, unrelated to urethral fusion. Eliminate.
• Hypospadias: Defined as failure of urethra fusion on ventral (bottom) surface of penis, matching the description.
• Phimosis: Tight foreskin that can't retract, unrelated to urethral fusion. Eliminate.
• Cystocele: Prolapsed bladder, unrelated to penile urethra. Eliminate.

Answer:

C. Hypospadias