Question

4.6 \internal and external challenges to state power from 1450 - 1750\ objective key developments explain the effects of the development of state power from 1450 to 1750. resistance to portugal in africa why did ndongo become allies with portugal? how did ndongo resist portugal once her alliance ended? local resistance in russia over time, why did so many peasants lose their land and why were so many forced into serfdom? serfdom, power, and control why did the russian government keep serfdom (2 reasons)? how were serfs slaves? cossack and peasant rebellion who were the cossacks and what was their relationship with russia? describe the causes and effects of the pugachev rebellion. rebellion in south asia describe how and why the maratha empire came to be. what was the effect of the maratha empire? revolts in the spanish empire describe the causes and effects of the pueblo revolt. struggles for power in england and its colonies who were the maroons? describe the gloucester county rebellion: why was metacoms war significant? what was the glorious revolution? what were the effects of the glorious revolution?

Explanation:

The questions pertain to historical events, movements, and power - related developments from 1450 - 1750 across different regions. They cover topics such as resistance to colonial powers, peasant - related issues, rebellions, and political revolutions.

Answer:

1. Ndongo became allies with Portugal initially for protection against other African kingdoms and to gain access to European trade goods and weaponry. Once the alliance ended, Ndongo resisted Portugal through military means, using guerrilla - style warfare and mobilizing local populations.
2. In Russia, peasants lost their land and were forced into serfdom over time due to the expansion of large - scale agricultural estates by the nobility and the need for a stable labor force for these estates. The Russian government kept serfdom for two main reasons: it provided a stable source of labor for the agricultural economy which was the backbone of the country, and it helped maintain social order by keeping the peasantry tied to the land and under the control of the nobility who in turn were loyal to the government.
3. Serfs were like slaves in that they were bound to the land and could not leave without permission, they had to perform labor services for their lords, and they had few legal rights.
4. The Cossacks were semi - nomadic, warrior - like groups in the steppes of Russia. They had a complex relationship with Russia; sometimes they were used as military forces by the Russian state, while at other times they rebelled against Russian authority due to issues like taxation and restrictions on their freedoms.
5. The Pugachev Rebellion was caused by the harsh living conditions of the peasants and Cossacks, high taxes, and conscription into the military. Its effects included increased awareness of the peasant plight among the Russian elite and some short - term reforms in an attempt to prevent future uprisings.
6. The Maratha Empire came to be through the military and political efforts of the Maratha people, led by leaders like Shivaji. They were able to carve out an empire by resisting Mughal rule and expanding their territory. The reasons for its formation included a desire for self - rule, access to trade routes, and the protection of their cultural and religious identity. Its effect was that it became a major regional power in South Asia, challenging the Mughal Empire and influencing the political and economic landscape of the region.
7. The causes of the Pueblo Revolt included Spanish attempts to suppress Pueblo religious practices, forced labor, and harsh treatment of the Pueblo people. The effects were the temporary expulsion of the Spanish from New Mexico and a reassertion of Pueblo cultural and religious identity.
8. The Maroons were escaped slaves who formed independent communities in the Caribbean, especially in Jamaica. They engaged in warfare against the colonial powers to maintain their freedom.
9. The Gloucester County Rebellion details are not as well - known as some of the other rebellions, but generally, such rebellions were often caused by grievances related to land rights, taxation, or unfair treatment by local authorities.
10. Metacom's war was significant because it was one of the most serious challenges to English colonial rule in New England. It was a major conflict between Native Americans and English colonists over land and cultural differences, and it had long - lasting effects on the relationship between the two groups and the future of Native American - colonial relations in the region.
11. The Glorious Revolution was the overthrow of King James II of England by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange - Nassau. Its effects included the establishment of a constitutional monarchy in England, the Bill of Rights 1689 which limited the power of the monarchy and increased the power of Parliament, and a shift in the balance of power in Europe as England became more involved in European affairs.