Question

this excerpt explains the system of federalism. in a single republic, all the power surrendered by the people is submitted to the administration of a single government. . . . in the government separated into states of america, the power surrendered by the people is first divided between two distinct governments, and then the portion allotted to each, subdivided among . . . separate departments. hence a double security arises to the rights of the people. the different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself. —james madison, federalist, no. 51, 1788 based on the excerpt, why did james madison believe that federalism was needed in government? it allows the government to make decisions more efficiently. it limits government authority in order to avoid abuses of power. it prevents conflicts over controversial governmental policies. it provides the government with a way to support the powers of military.

Explanation:

James Madison's text emphasizes that in federalism, power is divided between different levels of government (first between two distinct governments, then subdivided among departments). He mentions "a double security arises to the rights of the people" and "the different governments will control each other, at the same time that each will be controlled by itself". This shows a focus on limiting government authority through a system of checks (governments controlling each other) to avoid abuse of power (protecting people's rights). The other options (efficiency in decision - making, preventing policy conflicts, supporting military power) are not supported by the text.

Answer:

It limits government authority in order to avoid abuses of power.