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evaluate the following statements, and select those that correctly appl…

Question

evaluate the following statements, and select those that correctly apply to the properties of microscopes.

if oil is not used with the 100x lens, the image will be less bright, compared to specimens observed with a drop of oil on the slide.

the degree of contrast between a specimen and its surroundings is enhanced by the use of special stains and opening the iris diaphragm wide to allow in maximum light.

light rays with shorter wavelengths enhance the ability to resolve objects that are close together.

when observing specimens with the 100x lens, adding a drop of oil to the slide will improve the resolving power; the image will be clear rather than blurry.

if the 40x high - powered lens is used to view a specimen in conjunction with a 10x ocular, the total magnification of the specimen will be 50x.

Explanation:

Brief Explanations
  1. First statement: Oil immersion (100x lens) uses oil to reduce light refraction. Without oil, more light is refracted, making the image dimmer. So this is correct.
  2. Second statement: Opening the iris diaphragm wide increases light, which reduces contrast (contrast is better with less light or stains). So this is incorrect.
  3. Third statement: Resolving power is related to wavelength (shorter wavelength = better resolution, by the formula \( R = \frac{0.61\lambda}{NA} \)). So shorter wavelengths help resolve close objects. Correct.
  4. Fourth statement: Oil immersion improves resolution (resolving power) by matching the refractive index, reducing light loss/refraction, so the image is clearer. Correct.
  5. Fifth statement: Total magnification = objective × ocular. \( 40\times10 = 400x \), not 50x. Incorrect.

Answer:

  • If oil is not used with the 100x lens, the image will be less bright, compared to specimens observed with a drop of oil on the slide.
  • Light rays with shorter wavelengths enhance the ability to resolve objects that are close together.
  • When observing specimens with the 100x lens, adding a drop of oil to the slide will improve the resolving power; the image will be clear rather than blurry.