Question

the emt is called to the scene for a 19-year-old patient who is severely intoxicated at a large house party. the patient responds to deep painful stimuli with incomprehensible moaning. sonorous sounds are heard on inhalation and exhalation. the respirations are 8 per minute with shallow chest rise. the pulse is 62/minute. the skin is pale, cool, clammy. the spo₂ is 72% on room air. what interventions should the emt prioritize? select the two correct answers. □ administer intranasal naloxone □ administer oxygen via a nonrebreather mask □ begin bag-valve-mask ventilation □ administer epinephrine intramuscularly □ begin chest compressions

Explanation:

1. Analyze the patient's condition: The patient has shallow, slow respirations (8/min), low SpO₂ (72%), and altered mental status. Priorities are airway/breathing support.
2. Evaluate options:

• Naloxone is for opioid overdose; no indication here (intoxication cause unknown, but focus on respiratory distress).
• Nonrebreather mask: SpO₂ is 72%, but respirations are inadequate (shallow, 8/min), so nonrebreather alone may not suffice.
• Bag - valve - mask ventilation: Needed for inadequate ventilation (shallow, slow respirations) to improve oxygenation and ventilation.
• Epinephrine: For anaphylaxis or cardiac issues; not indicated here.
• Chest compressions: Pulse is 62/min, so no cardiac arrest; compressions not needed.

Also, if the patient is intoxicated (possibly opioid, but not confirmed), naloxone could be considered, but the main issue is respiratory depression. However, the two correct are likely "Begin bag - valve - mask ventilation" (to support breathing) and "Administer intranasal naloxone" (if opioid overdose is suspected, which is common in party intoxications with respiratory depression). Wait, re - evaluating: Respiratory rate 8 (below normal 12 - 20), shallow, SpO₂ 72%. So ventilation support (bag - valve - mask) is critical. Naloxone is for opioid - induced respiratory depression, which is a common cause in party settings. So the two correct are:

• Administer intranasal naloxone (to reverse opioid overdose if present, which causes respiratory depression).
• Begin bag - valve - mask ventilation (to support ventilation due to inadequate respirations).

Answer:

A. Administer intranasal naloxone, C. Begin bag - valve - mask ventilation