Question

for each item below, specify the independent and dependent variables, as well as constan

1. a study was done to find if different tire treads affect the braking distance of a car.

i: __________ d: ________ c: __________
the time it takes to run a mile depends on the person’s running speed.
i: __________ d: ________ c: __________
the height of bean plants depends on the amount of water they receive.
i: __________ d: ________ c: __________
the higher the temperature of the air in the oven, the faster a cake will bake.
i: __________ d: ________ c: __________
lemon trees receiving the most water produced the most lemons.
i: __________ d: ________ c: __________
an investigation found that more bushels of potatoes were produced when the soil was fertilized more.
i: __________ d: ________ c: __________
scientists measured the temperature of the water at different depths in lake skyview and found how the temperature varied.

Explanation:

Item 1: Determine variables

Independent: manipulated factor; Dependent: measured outcome; Constant: controlled condition

Item 2: Determine variables

Independent: manipulated factor; Dependent: measured outcome; Constant: controlled condition

Item 3: Determine variables

Independent: manipulated factor; Dependent: measured outcome; Constant: controlled condition

Item 4: Determine variables

Independent: manipulated factor; Dependent: measured outcome; Constant: controlled condition

Item 5: Determine variables

Independent: manipulated factor; Dependent: measured outcome; Constant: controlled condition

Item 6: Determine variables

Independent: manipulated factor; Dependent: measured outcome; Constant: controlled condition

Item 7: Determine variables

Independent: manipulated factor; Dependent: measured outcome; Constant: controlled condition

Answer:

1. I: Different tire treads, D: Braking distance of a car, C: Car model (or initial speed, road surface)
2. I: Person’s running speed, D: Time to run a mile, C: Distance of the mile (1 mile)
3. I: Amount of water received, D: Height of bean plants, C: Type of bean plant (or sunlight, soil type)
4. I: Temperature of the air in the oven, D: Baking time of a cake, C: Type of cake (or oven size)
5. I: Amount of water received, D: Number of lemons produced, C: Type of lemon tree (or sunlight, soil)
6. I: Soil condition (e.g., fertility, tillage), D: Number of bushels of potatoes produced, C: Type of potato (or planting density)
7. I: Depth in Lake Sky, D: Temperature of the water, C: Time of measurement (or location in the lake)