Question

directions: use these words to fill in the blanks below. words may be used more than once.
energy more less gravitational potential
kinetic joule chemical

1. two baseballs have the same mass. the ball that is closer to the ground has

______________________ gravitational potential energy than the other ball does.

1. two trucks have the same velocity but different mass. the truck with the greater mass has

______________________ kinetic energy than the other truck does.

1. ______________________ is the ability to cause change.
2. a ______________________ is a unit of measure of all forms of energy.
3. when an object falls, some of its ______________________ energy changes to

______________________ energy.

1. the ______________________ energy of an object depends on its mass and height.
2. the energy of food and other fuels is ______________________ potential energy.

Explanation:

• For question 6: The formula for gravitational potential energy is \(U = mgh\). When mass \(m\) and \(g\) (acceleration due to gravity) are constant, a smaller height \(h\) (closer to the ground) means less gravitational potential energy.
• For question 7: The formula for kinetic energy is \(K=\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}\). When velocity \(v\) is constant, a larger mass \(m\) means more kinetic energy.
• For question 8: By definition, energy is the ability to cause change.
• For question 9: The joule is the standard unit of measure for all forms of energy.
• For question 10: When an object falls, its height \(h\) decreases (so gravitational potential energy \(U = mgh\) decreases) and its velocity \(v\) increases (so kinetic energy \(K=\frac{1}{2}mv^{2}\) increases).
• For question 11: As per the formula \(U = mgh\), gravitational potential energy depends on mass \(m\) and height \(h\).
• For question 12: Food and fuels store energy in the bonds of their molecules, which is chemical potential energy.

Answer:

1. less
2. more
3. Energy
4. joule
5. gravitational potential; kinetic
6. gravitational potential
7. chemical