Question

directions the following paragraph is confusing because it contains some sentence - fragments and run - on sentences. identify the fragments by underlining them once. identify the run - ons by underlining them twice. correct the paragraph in dol style. although penguins look clumsy on land. they are graceful in the water. their bodies are perfectly suited for swimming and diving. they a streamlined torpedo shape. their wings are shaped like flippers penguins use them to propel themselves through the water at speeds up to 30 miles per hour. use their webbed feet to steer. most penguins can even swim like porpoises. leaping out of the water to breathe and then diving back in with one graceful motion. penguins frequently need to dive deep to catch prey. sometimes descending to depths of over a thousand feet. the water pressure can be great enough to collapse lungs. penguins special air chambers in their bodies. when a penguin dives, the chambers squeeze, air is forced into the lungs. the extra air keeps the lungs from collapsing. the chilly waters that penguins prefer would be too cold for most birds, penguins are insulated by waterproof feathers and a thick layer of fat. penguins more than make up for being awkward on land. by being perfectly suited for the water.

Explanation:

1. Fragment identification: "Although penguins look clumsy on land." is a fragment as it is a dependent - clause without an independent clause to complete the thought. "They a streamlined torpedo shape." is a fragment as it lacks a verb. "Use their webbed feet to steer." is a fragment as it has no subject. "Leaping out of the water to breathe and then diving back in with one graceful motion." is a fragment as it is a gerund phrase without a main verb for a complete sentence. "Sometimes descending to depths of over a thousand feet." is a fragment as it is a participial phrase without a main verb for a complete sentence. "Penguins special air chambers in their bodies." is a fragment as it lacks a verb.
2. Run - on identification: "They are graceful in the water. Their bodies are perfectly suited for swimming and diving. They a streamlined torpedo shape." has a run - on between the second and third parts. "Shaped like flippers penguins use them to propel themselves through the water at speeds up to 30 miles per hour." is a run - on as it combines two thoughts without proper punctuation or conjunction.
3. Correction:

Although penguins look clumsy on land, they are graceful in the water. Their bodies have a streamlined torpedo shape. Their wings are shaped like flippers, and penguins use them to propel themselves through the water at speeds up to 30 miles per hour. Penguins use their webbed feet to steer. Most penguins can even swim like porpoises, leaping out of the water to breathe and then diving back in with one graceful motion. Penguins frequently need to dive deep to catch prey, sometimes descending to depths of over a thousand feet. The water pressure can be great enough to collapse lungs, but penguins have special air chambers in their bodies. When a penguin dives, the chambers squeeze, and air is forced into the lungs. The extra air keeps the lungs from collapsing. The chilly waters that penguins prefer would be too cold for most birds, but penguins are insulated by waterproof feathers and a thick layer of fat. Penguins more than make up for being awkward on land by being perfectly suited for the water.

Answer:

Fragments: "Although penguins look clumsy on land.", "They a streamlined torpedo shape.", "Use their webbed feet to steer.", "Leaping out of the water to breathe and then diving back in with one graceful motion.", "Sometimes descending to depths of over a thousand feet.", "Penguins special air chambers in their bodies."
Run - ons: "They are graceful in the water. Their bodies are perfectly suited for swimming and diving. They a streamlined torpedo shape.", "Shaped like flippers penguins use them to propel themselves through the water at speeds up to 30 miles per hour."
Corrected paragraph: Although penguins look clumsy on land, they are graceful in the water. Their bodies have a streamlined torpedo shape. Their wings are shaped like flippers, and penguins use them to propel themselves through the water at speeds up to 30 miles per hour. Penguins use their webbed feet to steer. Most penguins can even swim like porpoises, leaping out of the water to breathe and then diving back in with one graceful motion. Penguins frequently need to dive deep to catch prey, sometimes descending to depths of over a thousand feet. The water pressure can be great enough to collapse lungs, but penguins have special air chambers in their bodies. When a penguin dives, the chambers squeeze, and air is forced into the lungs. The extra air keeps the lungs from collapsing. The chilly waters that penguins prefer would be too cold for most birds, but penguins are insulated by waterproof feathers and a thick layer of fat. Penguins more than make up for being awkward on land by being perfectly suited for the water.