Question

the diagram below shows the stages of succession in a forest ecosystem.
diagram with labels: ciprés forest (a), fire, b, c, radal-ciprés, ciprés-radal, d
which area shows the climax community of secondary succession?
○ a
○ b
○ c
○ d

Explanation:

1. Recall the concept of a climax community in secondary succession: A climax community is a stable, mature ecological community that has reached a state of equilibrium after succession. Secondary succession occurs after a disturbance (like a fire) that doesn't destroy the soil, so it starts from an area with some soil and residual life.
2. Analyze the stages:

• Area A is the Ciprés forest before the fire (the original community, not the result of secondary succession after the fire).
• Area B is right after the fire, with dead trees – this is the disturbed state, early in succession.
• Area C shows early stages of regrowth (smaller plants/trees), so it's an intermediate stage of succession.
• Area D shows a mature forest community, similar in structure to the original (A) but likely the result of secondary succession (since it's after the fire and has reached a stable, mature state with a diverse and stable plant community, characteristic of a climax community in secondary succession for this ecosystem).

Answer:

D