Question

1. describe how vaccines work. give an example.
2. describe how antitoxins work. give an example.
3. fill in the chart below based on your reading on p. 586 - 587. feel free to use powerbuddy or the internet to research, as well.

	antibiotics	antivirals	antifungals
what do they not work against?
example:

1. what is an analgesic?

Explanation:

The problem involves understanding and describing how different medical substances (antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, vaccines, antitoxins, analgesics) work, which falls under the subfield of Medicine and Health in Natural Science. For question 4, we analyze each category:

Antibiotics:

• What do they work against? Bacterial infections (e.g., Streptococcus causing strep throat).
• What do they not work against? Viral infections (like the common cold, influenza) or fungal infections.
• Example: Penicillin (used to treat bacterial pneumonia).

Antivirals:

• What do they work against? Viral infections (e.g., HIV, influenza viruses).
• What do they not work against? Bacterial or fungal infections.
• Example: Acyclovir (used to treat herpes simplex virus).

Antifungals:

• What do they work against? Fungal infections (e.g., Candida causing thrush, dermatophytes causing athlete's foot).
• What do they not work against? Bacterial or viral infections.
• Example: Fluconazole (used to treat systemic fungal infections like candidiasis).

Answer:

Category	What do they work against?	What do they not work against?	Example
Antivirals	Viral infections	Bacterial, fungal infections	Acyclovir
Antifungals	Fungal infections	Bacterial, viral infections	Fluconazole