Question

define: nucleus:__ neutron: proton: electron: weak nuclear forces: 21)physicists observe a neutron decaying into a proton, releasing an electron and an antineutrino. what role does the weak nuclear force play in this event? a. it keeps protons and neutrons bound together in the nucleus. b. it causes the attraction between positively and negatively charged particles. c. it holds electrons in orbit around the nucleus d. it governs the decay of subatomic particles into other particles. define: fusion: fission: energy mass equivalence:__ 22)in the sun, two hydrogen nuclei are combined to form a helium nucleus. what happens to the mass during this fusion reaction? a. some mass is converted into energy. b. all mass remains unchanged during the reaction. c. mass increases as the nuclei combine. d. mass decreases, but no energy is produced.

Explanation:

• Nucleus: The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.
• Neutron: A sub - atomic particle with no electric charge, found in the nucleus.
• Proton: A positively charged sub - atomic particle found in the nucleus.
• Electron: A negatively charged sub - atomic particle that orbits the nucleus.
• Weak Nuclear Forces: One of the four fundamental forces, responsible for certain types of radioactive decay like neutron decay.
• For question 21, the weak nuclear force governs the decay of subatomic particles into other particles. In neutron decay, it enables the transformation.
• Fusion: A nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei come close enough to form a single, heavier nucleus.
• Fission: A nuclear reaction where the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei.
• Energy Mass Equivalence: Described by $E = mc^{2}$, it shows that mass and energy are equivalent and convertible. For question 22, in fusion reactions like in the sun, some mass is converted into energy according to the energy - mass equivalence principle.

Answer:

• Nucleus: The central core of an atom, consisting of protons and neutrons.
• Neutron: An electrically neutral sub - atomic particle in the atomic nucleus.
• Proton: A positively charged sub - atomic particle in the atomic nucleus.
• Electron: A negatively charged sub - atomic particle that orbits the atomic nucleus.
• Weak Nuclear Forces: A fundamental force responsible for certain subatomic particle decays.
• 21) D. It governs the decay of subatomic particles into other particles.
• Fusion: The process by which two or more atomic nuclei combine to form a single, heavier nucleus.
• Fission: The splitting of a heavy atomic nucleus into two or more smaller nuclei.
• Energy Mass Equivalence: The principle that mass and energy are equivalent and related by the equation $E = mc^{2}$.
• 22) A. Some mass is converted into energy.