Question

cycle 6 ch 5 homework
name: anvine corins
integrity statement: i affirm that this assignment is my own original work. i have not given or received any
unauthorized assistance to/from other students, and i have not copied content from internet sources or used ai
tools irresponsibly to obtain answers to questions. initials
definitions: using your textbook, write the definition for the following terms.
1.) aufbau principle:
2.) hunds rule:
3.) pauli exclusion principle
4.) electron configuration
5.) orbital diagram:
multiple choice: choose the best answer for each prompt below. write the letter of your answer on the line provided.
6.) how many electrons does potassium have?
a) 19 b) 39 c) 17 d) 40
7.) what is the electron configuration for a neutral atom of carbon (c), which has an atomic number of 5?
a) 1s¹ 2s¹ 2p³ b) 1s² 2s² 2p¹ c) 1s¹ 2s² 2p³ d) 1s² 2p³
8.) which of the following elements has the electron configuration 1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵?
a) argon (ar) b) chlorine (cl) c) phosphorus (p) d) sodium (na)
9.) which of the following configurations violates the aufbau principle?
a) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s¹ b) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3d¹ c) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²3d⁵ d) 1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁶4s²
10.) what element is represented by the following orbital diagram?
a) oxygen b) fluorine c) neon d) nitrogen
write: write the electron configuration for the following elements.
11.) calcium
12.) argon
13.) iron
draw: draw the orbital diagram for the following elements. be sure to label the orbitals below the boxes
(ie. 1s, 2s, etc...)
14.) lithium
15.) aluminum

Explanation:

• Aufbau Principle: Electrons fill orbitals starting from the lowest energy level.
• Hund's Rule: Electrons occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing.
• Pauli Exclusion Principle: No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers.
• Electron Configuration: Arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals.
• Orbital Diagram: Visual representation of electron placement in orbitals.
• Question 6: Potassium (K) has atomic number 19, so it has 19 electrons.
• Question 7: Carbon (C) has atomic number 6. Electron configuration is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{2}\). Option B (\(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{1}\)) is incorrect as it only accounts for 5 electrons.
• Question 8: Chlorine (Cl) has atomic number 17. Electron configuration \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{5}\).
• Question 9: Aufbau Principle violation occurs when electrons fill higher - energy orbitals before lower ones. Option B (\(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3d^{1}\)) fills 3d before 4s.
• Question 10: Count electrons in the orbital diagram. Nitrogen (N) has 7 electrons.
• Question 11: Calcium (Ca) atomic number 20. Electron configuration \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}\).
• Question 12: Argon (Ar) atomic number 18. Electron configuration \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}\).
• Question 13: Iron (Fe) atomic number 26. Electron configuration \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{6}\).

Answer:

1. Electrons fill orbitals starting from the lowest energy level.
2. Electrons occupy degenerate orbitals singly before pairing.
3. No two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers.
4. Arrangement of electrons in an atom's orbitals.
5. Visual representation of electron placement in orbitals.
6. A. 19
7. None of the options (Correct is \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{2}\))
8. B. Chlorine (Cl)
9. B. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3d^{1}\)
10. D. Nitrogen
11. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}\)
12. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}\)
13. \(1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s^{2}3p^{6}4s^{2}3d^{6}\)