Question

choose the options below that are characteristics unique to ketones. (select all that apply).
select all that apply:
the functional group contains only carbon and oxygen.
they are prepared by oxidizing alcohols whose -oh functional group is located on a carbon atom in the middle of the carbon chain.
they are named using the suffix -al.
they can be used as pharmaceutical and chemical solvents, and as paint and varnish removers.

Explanation:

• Ketones have a carbonyl group (\(C = O\)) which contains only carbon and oxygen. Aldehydes also have a carbonyl group (\(C = O\)), but in ketones, the carbonyl carbon is bonded to two other carbon atoms.
• Ketones are prepared by oxidizing secondary alcohols (alcohols whose \(-OH\) functional group is located on a carbon atom in the middle of the carbon chain).
• Compounds named using the suffix -al are aldehydes, not ketones. Ketones use the suffix -one.
• While ketones can be used as solvents (e.g., acetone is a common ketone used as a solvent), other classes of compounds (e.g., some ethers) can also be used as solvents.

Answer:

The functional group contains only carbon and oxygen; They are prepared by oxidizing alcohols whose \(-OH\) functional group is located on a carbon atom in the middle of the carbon chain.