Question

chemist: zion singleton class: 4th date: 11/03/23
parts of a chemical equation
introduction
when elements or compounds react to form something new, it is called a chemical reaction. we write
chemical equations to show exactly what happens when the reaction occurs. this is a sample chemical
equation that shows what happens when glucose (sugar) burns:
c_{6}h_{12}o_{6(s)} + 9o_{2(g)}
ightarrow 6co_{2(g)} + 6h_{2}o_{(l)}
the starting materials in a reaction are called the reactants. the elements or compounds that are formed
as a result of the reaction are called products.
what are the two reactants in this equation?
what are the two products in this equation?
the smaller numbers after some of the elements are called subscripts. these tell you how many atoms of that element are present in the
compound. the larger numbers that come before some of the
compounds and elements are called coefficients. these tell you how
many of that specific molecule were reacted or produced in the equation.
how many carbon atoms are present in sugar?
how many hydrogen atoms are present in water?
how many molecules of oxygen were reacted when the sugar was burned?
how many molecules of carbon dioxide gas were released by the reaction?
the letters in parenthesis after each element or compound tells what state of matter it is in.
(s) indicates a solid.
(l) indicates a liquid.
(g) indicates a gas.
(aq) indicates an aqueous solution - something that is dissolved in water.
what substance(s) in the sugar reaction were solid?
what substance(s) in the sugar reaction were liquid?
what substance(s) in the sugar reaction were gas?

Explanation:

Reactants

The starting materials in a reaction are called reactants. In the equation \(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6(s)}+9O_{2(g)}\to6CO_{2(g)} + 6H_{2}O_{(l)}\), the reactants are the substances on the left - hand side of the arrow.

• \(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}\) (glucose)
• \(O_{2}\) (oxygen)

Products

The elements or compounds that are formed as a result of the reaction are called products. In the given equation, the products are the substances on the right - hand side of the arrow.

• \(CO_{2}\) (carbon dioxide)
• \(H_{2}O\) (water)

Carbon atoms in sugar (\(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}\))

The subscript of \(C\) in \(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}\) gives the number of carbon atoms. So, the number of carbon atoms is \(6\).

Hydrogen atoms in water (\(H_{2}O\))

The subscript of \(H\) in \(H_{2}O\) gives the number of hydrogen atoms. So, the number of hydrogen atoms is \(2\).

Molecules of oxygen reacted

The coefficient of \(O_{2}\) in the equation \(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6(s)}+9O_{2(g)}\to6CO_{2(g)} + 6H_{2}O_{(l)}\) is \(9\). So, the number of \(O_{2}\) molecules reacted is \(9\).

Molecules of carbon dioxide released

The coefficient of \(CO_{2}\) in the equation \(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6(s)}+9O_{2(g)}\to6CO_{2(g)} + 6H_{2}O_{(l)}\) is \(6\). So, the number of \(CO_{2}\) molecules released is \(6\).

Solid substance

In the equation \(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6(s)}+9O_{2(g)}\to6CO_{2(g)} + 6H_{2}O_{(l)}\), the letter \((s)\) indicates a solid. So, the solid substance is \(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}\) (glucose).

Liquid substance

In the equation \(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6(s)}+9O_{2(g)}\to6CO_{2(g)} + 6H_{2}O_{(l)}\), the letter \((l)\) indicates a liquid. So, the liquid substance is \(H_{2}O\) (water).

Gaseous substances

In the equation \(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6(s)}+9O_{2(g)}\to6CO_{2(g)} + 6H_{2}O_{(l)}\), the letter \((g)\) indicates a gas. So, the gaseous substances are \(O_{2}\) (oxygen) and \(CO_{2}\) (carbon dioxide).

Answer:

• Reactants: \(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}\) and \(O_{2}\)
• Products: \(CO_{2}\) and \(H_{2}O\)
• Carbon atoms in sugar: \(6\)
• Hydrogen atoms in water: \(2\)
• Molecules of oxygen reacted: \(9\)
• Molecules of carbon dioxide released: \(6\)
• Solid substance: \(C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}\)
• Liquid substance: \(H_{2}O\)
• Gaseous substances: \(O_{2}\) and \(CO_{2}\)