Question

chapter 11 mastery test a, continued
part c answer each question.

1. what organisms did gregor mendel experiment with? what did his experiments show?

1. how do sex cells differ from other cells in the human body?

1. give one example of selective breeding.

1. draw a punnett square for qq and qq. explain what the punnett square represents.

1. name and describe two diseases caused by recessive genes.

Explanation:

Question 16

Gregor Mendel experimented with pea plants (Pisum sativum). His experiments showed the principles of inheritance, including the law of segregation (each individual has two alleles for a trait, which separate during gamete formation) and the law of independent assortment (alleles of different genes assort independently during gamete formation), and he also identified dominant and recessive traits.

Sex cells (gametes: sperm in males, eggs in females) differ from other body cells (somatic cells) in several ways. Somatic cells are diploid (have 2 sets of chromosomes, 46 in humans), while sex cells are haploid (have 1 set of chromosomes, 23 in humans). Somatic cells divide by mitosis for growth/repair, sex cells divide by meiosis to produce haploid gametes. Also, somatic cells have the full genetic complement for the individual, while sex cells carry half to combine with another gamete during fertilization.

Selective breeding (artificial selection) is when humans breed organisms for desired traits. An example is breeding different dog breeds: humans selected dogs with traits like size, coat type, or temperament (e.g., breeding Chihuahuas for small size, or German Shepherds for working ability). Another example: breeding wheat for higher yield or disease resistance, or breeding cows for more milk production.

Answer:

Organisms: Pea plants (Pisum sativum). Experiments showed: Principles of inheritance (law of segregation, law of independent assortment, dominant/recessive traits).

Question 17