Question

cells become more specialized by _____, a process called ______.

• converting to an immune cell, ipsc
• replicating themselves over and over, immortalization
• turning on specific genes, oncogenesis
• turning off specific genes, differentiation

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option:

• Option 1: iPSC (induced pluripotent stem cells) are about reprogramming, not cell specialization in the context of normal development, so incorrect.
• Option 2: Immortalization is about cells avoiding senescence (like cancer cells), not specialization, incorrect.
• Option 3: Oncogenesis is cancer development, not cell specialization, incorrect.
• Option 4: During differentiation, cells become specialized by turning off specific genes (and turning on others) to acquire specific functions. This matches the process of differentiation.

Answer:

D. turning off specific genes, differentiation (assuming the last option is D; if options are labeled differently, adjust the label but the content is "turning off specific genes, differentiation")