Question

bobs parents took away time from his curfew because he kept missing curfew.
negative punishment (removal)
positive punishment (application)
positive reinforcement (application)
negative reinforcement (removal)

the dogs shock collar emits a shock every time the dog barks.
negative reinforcement (removal)
negative punishment (removal)
positive punishment (application)
positive reinforcement (application)

Explanation:

• For the first question (Bob's curfew): Negative punishment (removal) involves taking away a pleasant stimulus (in this case, time from his curfew) to decrease an unwanted behavior (missing curfew).
• For the second question (Dog's shock collar): Positive punishment (application) involves adding an unpleasant stimulus (the shock) to decrease an unwanted behavior (barking).

Answer:

1. Negative Punishment (Removal)
2. Positive Punishment (Application)