Question

biology semester 1 review 2025
unit 1: instructional sequence 1:
sc.912.l.1.18.12 discuss the special properties of water that contribute to earth’s suitability as an
environment for life: cohesive behavior, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing and
versatility as a solvent. students will generally be able to summarize the properties of water and relate
how these properties make water essential for life on earth

1. describe each of the following properties of water and provide an example for how it helps to

support life on earth (be specific).
cohesion and adhesion

specific heat capacity

expansion upon freezing

universal solvent

hydrogen bonds

1. what is the relationship between the properties of water and transpiration that takes place in

plants?

sc.912.l.15.8 describe the scientific explanations of the origin of life on earth.
match the definition in column a with the term in column b. terms may be used more than once.

column a\t\t\t\tcolumn b
______ 3. lynn margulis proposed this idea to explain the origin\t\ta. spontaneous generation
\t of organelles.
______ 4. energy from sunlight and lightning allowed the first\t\tb. theory of biogenesis
\t organic molecules to form.
______ 5. only living organisms can produce other living organisms.\t\tc. endosymbiont theory
______ 6. life arises from nonlife.\t\t\t\td. primordial soup
\t\t\t\t hypothesis
______ 7. prokaryotic cells were involved in the formation of
\t eukaryotic cells.
______ 8. francesco redi performed a controlled experiment with
\t flies and maggots to test this idea on the origin of life.
______ 9. stanley miller and harold urey simulated early atmospheric
\t conditions to test this idea on the origin of life.

Explanation:

Question 1 Sub - questions (Describing water properties)

1. Cohesion and Adhesion

Step 1: Define Cohesion and Adhesion

Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules (\(H_2O\) molecules) due to hydrogen bonding. Adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and other polar substances.

Step 2: Provide Examples for Life Support

• Cohesion: Water molecules stick together, allowing for surface tension. For example, insects like water striders can walk on water because of surface tension from cohesive forces. This helps them access food sources on water surfaces.
• Adhesion: Water adheres to the xylem walls in plants. This, along with cohesion, helps in the upward movement of water (capillary action) from roots to leaves, which is essential for photosynthesis as leaves need water to produce glucose.

2. Specific Heat Capacity

Step 1: Define Specific Heat Capacity

The specific heat capacity of water is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius. Water has a high specific heat capacity (\(4.18\ J/g^{\circ}C\)) because of hydrogen bonding.

Step 2: Provide Example for Life Support

Oceans and large bodies of water can absorb a lot of heat during the day (from the sun) and release it slowly at night. This moderates the temperature of coastal areas, providing a stable environment for marine life. Also, in organisms, water in cells helps regulate body temperature. For example, humans sweat, and as the sweat (mostly water) evaporates, it takes heat away from the body, cooling it down.

3. Expansion upon Freezing

Step 1: Define Expansion upon Freezing

When water freezes, it expands (its density decreases to \(0.92\ g/cm^3\) from \(1\ g/cm^3\) in liquid form). This is because the hydrogen bonds in ice form a hexagonal lattice structure, which takes up more space than the random arrangement of liquid water molecules.

Step 2: Provide Example for Life Support

Ice floats on water. In a lake or ocean, when the surface water freezes, the ice layer insulates the water below. This allows aquatic life (like fish) to survive in the liquid water beneath the ice during winter, as the water below the ice remains at a temperature suitable for their metabolism.

4. Universal Solvent

Answer:

Step 1: Define Hydrogen Bonds in Water

A hydrogen bond is a[SSE Completed, Client Connection Error][SSE onError error]