Question

basic structure of the skin

1. figure 4 - 2 depicts a longitudinal section of the skin.

(a) label the skin structures and areas indicated by leader lines and brackets on the figure.
(b) select different colors for the structures below and color the coding circles and the corresponding structures on the figure.
○ arrector pili muscle
○ adipose tissue
○ hair follicle
○ nerve fibers
○ sweat (sudoriferous) gland
○ sebaceous gland
(c) which bracket(s) compose(s) the cutaneous membrane? ________

1. the more superficial cells of the epidermis become less viable and ultimately die. which two factors account for this natural demise of the epidermal cells?
2. ________
3. ________

Explanation:

(A) Without seeing the actual leader - lines and brackets, we can't label them. But generally, the arrector pili muscle is attached to the hair follicle and causes hair to stand up. Adipose tissue is the fat - containing layer below the skin. Hair follicle is the structure from which hair grows. Nerve fibers are responsible for sensation. Sweat (sudoriferous) gland produces sweat for thermoregulation. Sebaceous gland produces sebum to lubricate the skin and hair.
(B) This is a coloring task which requires physical action of choosing colors and coloring the circles and corresponding structures on the figure.
(C) The cutaneous membrane is composed of the epidermis and the dermis.
For question 8, the two factors for the natural demise of epidermal cells are: 1. Distance from the blood supply in the dermis (cells in the epidermis are avascular and rely on diffusion from the dermis for nutrients and oxygen, and as they move further away, they receive less). 2. Mechanical abrasion (the outermost cells are constantly exposed to friction and wear).

Answer:

(A) No specific answer without seeing the figure details for labeling.
(B) No specific answer as it requires physical coloring.
(C) Epidermis and dermis.

1. 1. Distance from blood supply in dermis. 2. Mechanical abrasion.