Question

base your answers to questions 16 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.
declaration of the rights of man and the citizen - 1789
approved by the national assembly of france, august 26, 1789
articles:

1. men are born and remain free and equal in rights. social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good.
2. the aim of all political association is the preservation of the natural and imprescriptible inalienable rights of man. these rights are liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression. ...
3. liberty consists in the freedom to do everything which injures no one else; hence the exercise of the natural rights of each man has no limits except those which assure to the other members of the society the enjoyment of the same rights. these limits can only be determined by law. ...

source: the avalon project at yale law school (adapted from the nys global history and geography regents exam, january 2013).

1. which of the following best represents the point of view of the authors of the declaration of the rights of man and the citizen?

(1) a government should make laws to protect the natural rights of its citizens.
(2) absolute monarchy is a form of government that guarantees the rights of citizens.
(3) property is a more valuable natural right than security.
(4) a government should limit peoples freedom to ensure they are safe.
base your answers to questions 17 - 18 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.
we must ask ourselves three questions:

1. what is the third estate? everything.
2. what has it been until now in the political order? nothing.
3. what does it mean to be? something...

• abbe sieyes, \what is the third estate?\ 1789 (adapted)

1. which of the following best represents abbe sieyes point of view in this passage?

(1) all monarchs should have absolute power.
(2) only wealthy landowners should have political representation.
(3) the catholic church should have more political power.
(4) common people deserve a voice in the government.

1. what is an important cause of sieyes what is the third estate?

(1) the reign of terror
(2) social and economic inequality in france pre - 1789
(3) napoleons rise to power
(4) economic inequality of the clergy

Explanation:

Question 16

• Article 2 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen states that the aim of political association is the preservation of natural and imprescriptible rights (liberty, property, security, and resistance to oppression). This implies that the government should make laws to protect these natural rights.
• Option (2) is incorrect because absolute monarchy does not guarantee rights (the Declaration was a reaction against absolute rule in France).
• Option (3) is wrong as the text does not rank property as more valuable than security.
• Option (4) misinterprets Article 4: liberty is limited only by law to ensure no harm to others, not to ensure people are safe in a general sense of limiting freedom for safety.

• The Third Estate in France (common people like peasants, urban workers, and the bourgeoisie) is said to be “Everything” in terms of contribution but has “Nothing” in the political order. This implies that the common people (the Third Estate) deserve a voice (political representation) in the government.
• Option (1) is against the spirit of the passage (it's about the Third Estate, not monarchy).
• Option (2) is incorrect as it's about the Third Estate (common people, not just wealthy landowners).
• Option (3) is wrong as the passage is about the Third Estate, not the Catholic Church.

• Pre - 1789 France had a rigid social structure with the First (clergy) and Second (nobility) Estates having privileges, while the Third Estate (common people) faced economic hardships (like high taxes) and lack of political power. This social and economic inequality led Sieyès to question the status of the Third Estate.
• The Reign of Terror (1793 - 1794) was after 1789.
• Napoleon’s rise to power was in the early 19th century.
• The clergy (First Estate) had economic privileges, but the main cause related to the Third Estate's situation was the overall social and economic inequality in France pre - 1789.

Answer:

(1) A government should make laws to protect the natural rights of its citizens.

Question 17