Question

base your answers to questions 10 and 11 on the calendar below, which shows the month of july of a recent year. the dates of major moon phases, as seen in new york state, are shown. the diagram below represents the phase of the moon observed from new york state one night during the month of july. 10) on which date will the next first - quarter moon phase occur? (1) august 6 (2) august 10 (3) august 16 (4) august 22 11) eclipses do not occur every month because the moons (1) rate of rotation is 15° each hour (2) orbit is inclined to earths orbit (3) period of rotation and period of revolution are the same (4) period of revolution is 27.3 days

Explanation:

1. Question 10:

• Explanation:
• The lunar cycle is approximately 29.5 days. The first - quarter moon in July is on the 8th.
• Let's calculate the date of the next first - quarter moon. If we add about 29.5 days to July 8th. July has 31 days. From July 8th to July 31st, there are \(31 - 8=23\) days. Then \(29.5-23 = 6.5\) days into August. So the next first - quarter moon is around August 6th.
• Answer: (1) August 6

1. Question 11:

• Explanation:
• Eclipses (solar and lunar) occur when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a straight line. The Moon's orbit is inclined at about \(5^{\circ}\) to the Earth's orbit (the ecliptic). So, most of the time, the Sun, Earth, and Moon are not in a perfect straight line.
• Option (1): The Moon's rotation rate (\(15^{\circ}\) per hour) is related to its diurnal motion in the sky, not to eclipses.
• Option (3): The fact that the Moon's period of rotation and revolution are the same (which causes us to always see the same side of the Moon) has no relation to eclipses.
• Option (4): The Moon's period of revolution (27.3 days is the sidereal month, 29.5 days is the synodic month) does not explain why eclipses do not occur every month.
• Answer: (2) orbit is inclined to Earth's orbit

Answer:

1. Question 10:

• Explanation:
• The lunar cycle is approximately 29.5 days. The first - quarter moon in July is on the 8th.
• Let's calculate the date of the next first - quarter moon. If we add about 29.5 days to July 8th. July has 31 days. From July 8th to July 31st, there are \(31 - 8=23\) days. Then \(29.5-23 = 6.5\) days into August. So the next first - quarter moon is around August 6th.
• Answer: (1) August 6

1. Question 11:

• Explanation:
• Eclipses (solar and lunar) occur when the Sun, Earth, and Moon are in a straight line. The Moon's orbit is inclined at about \(5^{\circ}\) to the Earth's orbit (the ecliptic). So, most of the time, the Sun, Earth, and Moon are not in a perfect straight line.
• Option (1): The Moon's rotation rate (\(15^{\circ}\) per hour) is related to its diurnal motion in the sky, not to eclipses.
• Option (3): The fact that the Moon's period of rotation and revolution are the same (which causes us to always see the same side of the Moon) has no relation to eclipses.
• Option (4): The Moon's period of revolution (27.3 days is the sidereal month, 29.5 days is the synodic month) does not explain why eclipses do not occur every month.
• Answer: (2) orbit is inclined to Earth's orbit