Question

answer the following questions based on the information provided from the previous page

1. what are the two kingdoms of bacteria?
2. label the parts of the bacterium in the picture below.
3. name three differences between archaebacteria and eubacteria.

a.
b.
c.

1. fill in the missing information in the table below about the parts of a bacteria and what they do.

parts of a bacteria\twhat it does
a. \tcontrols what enters and leaves the bacteria
cell wall\tb.
c. \tsticky covering outside the cell wall that helps disease causing bacteria stick to its host
pili\td.
e. \tcircular piece of genetic information that keeps the information needed to run the cell
ribosome\tf.
(image of a bacterium with labels a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i)

Explanation:

Question 1

The two kingdoms of bacteria are Archaebacteria (or Archaea) and Eubacteria (or Bacteria). Archaebacteria are often found in extreme environments, while Eubacteria are the more common bacteria found in various environments.

To label the parts of the bacterium, we identify each structure:

• \( A \): Cell Membrane (controls what enters/leaves)
• \( B \): Cell Wall (provides structure/support)
• \( C \): Capsule (sticky outer layer for adhesion)
• \( D \): Pili (hair - like structures for attachment/conjugation)
• \( E \): Flagellum Base (part of the flagellum structure)
• \( F \): Nucleoid (contains genetic material)
• \( G \): Cytoplasm (where cellular processes occur)
• \( H \): Ribosomes (site of protein synthesis)
• \( I \): Flagellum (helps in movement)

a. Cell Wall Composition

Archaebacteria have cell walls without peptidoglycan, while Eubacteria have cell walls with peptidoglycan. This is a key structural difference used to classify them.

b. Habitat

Archaebacteria are often found in extreme environments such as hot springs, salt lakes, and deep - sea hydrothermal vents. Eubacteria are more commonly found in moderate environments like soil, water, and on living organisms.

c. Membrane Lipids

The membrane lipids of Archaebacteria have ether linkages, while those of Eubacteria have ester linkages. This difference in chemical structure of membrane lipids is another distinguishing feature.

Answer:

Archaebacteria (Archaea) and Eubacteria (Bacteria)

Question 2