Question

1. according to thomas hobbes, what is the leviathan?

a) the unseen eye of the government
b) a powerful government or ruler authorized by the people to enforce laws
c) a set of moral rules
d) the desire for wealth and status

1. which is not a principle of classical liberalism?

a) individual liberty
b) free trade between countries
c) limited government
d) government control of industries and manufacturing

1. true or false? the bourgeoisie is marxs name for the working class.
2. which ideology includes belief in courts as checks on majority power and support for representative democracy?

a) democratic liberalism
b) classical conservatism
c) nationalism
d) communism

1. which wave of feminism emphasized bodily freedoms and safety in personal relationships?

a) first wave
b) second wave
c) third wave
d) fourth wave

1. what is another name for guarantees of freedom from government interference?

a) civil rights
b) civil liberties
c) bill of rights
d) articles of confederation

1. what is meant by saying \human rights are inalienable\?

a) they vary by culture
b) they can be given or taken away
c) all people are born with certain rights that cannot be removed
d) they depend on government

1. why is the u.s. constitution considered a

egative rights constitution\?
a) it emphasizes restrictions on government actions.
b) it borrowed negative content from the magna carta.
c) it focuses on government protecting freedoms.
d) it emphasizes citizens duties over rights.

Explanation:

• Question 9: Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan describes a powerful government or ruler (the Leviathan) authorized by the people (through a social contract) to enforce laws and maintain order.
• Question 10: Classical liberalism emphasizes individual liberty, free trade, and limited government. Government control of industries and manufacturing is more associated with socialist or statist ideologies, not classical liberalism.
• Question 11: Marx's bourgeoisie is the capitalist class (those who own the means of production), while the proletariat is the working class. So the statement is false.
• Question 12: Democratic liberalism believes in courts as checks on majority power (e.g., judicial review) and supports representative democracy. Classical conservatism may be more hierarchical, nationalism focuses on national identity, and communism aims for classless society without the same emphasis on these liberal - democratic checks.
• Question 13: The second wave of feminism (1960s - 1980s) emphasized issues like bodily freedoms (e.g., reproductive rights) and safety in personal relationships (e.g., against domestic violence). The first wave was more about suffrage, the third wave was more about intersectionality, and the fourth wave is about digital activism.
• Question 14: Civil liberties are guarantees of freedom from government interference (e.g., freedom of speech, religion). Civil rights are more about equal treatment, the Bill of Rights is a specific set of civil liberties in the U.S. Constitution, and the Articles of Confederation was the first U.S. governing document.
• Question 15: Inalienable rights mean all people are born with certain rights that cannot be removed. They are not dependent on culture, government, or can be given/taken away easily.
• Question 16: A "negative rights constitution" like the U.S. Constitution emphasizes restrictions on government actions (e.g., through the Bill of Rights which limits what the government can do to infringe on individual freedoms), rather than focusing on government - provided positive rights (like welfare).

Answer:

1. B. A powerful government or ruler authorized by the people to enforce laws
2. D. Government control of industries and manufacturing
3. False
4. A. Democratic liberalism
5. B. Second wave
6. B. Civil liberties
7. C. All people are born with certain rights that cannot be removed
8. A. It emphasizes restrictions on government actions