Question

1. a 40 - year - old patient without a history of seizures experiences a generalized (tonic - clonic) seizure. the least likely cause of this seizure is:

a) epilepsy.
b) a brain tumor.
c) a serious infection.
d) intracranial bleeding.

1. a patient who is experiencing aphasia is:

a) not able to swallow without choking.
b) experiencing a right hemispheric stroke.
c) unable to produce or understand speech.
d) usually conscious but has slurred speech.

1. components of the cincinnati prehospital stroke scale include:

a) speech, pupil reaction, and memory.
b) arm drift, memory, and grip strength.
c) arm drift, speech, and facial droop.
d) facial droop, speech, and pupil size.

1. febrile seizures:

a) often result in permanent brain damage.
b) are also referred to as absence seizures.
c) are usually benign but should be evaluated.
d) occur when a child’s fever rises slowly.

1. muscle control and body coordination are controlled by the:

a) cerebrum.
b) cerebellum.
c) brain stem.
d) cerebral cortex.

1. status epilepticus is characterized by:

a) generalized seizures that last less than 5 minutes.
b) an absence seizure that is not preceded by an aura.
c) profound tachycardia and total muscle flaccidity.
d) prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness.

1. the most significant risk factor for a hemorrhagic stroke is:

a) severe stress.
b) hypertension.
c) heavy exertion.
d) diabetes mellitus.

Explanation:

1. Since the patient has no seizure history, epilepsy (a chronic disorder with recurrent seizures) is the least likely cause compared to acute - onset conditions like brain tumor, infection, or intracranial bleeding.
2. Aphasia is a language disorder that affects a person's ability to produce or understand speech.
3. The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale assesses for arm drift, speech abnormalities, and facial droop to identify stroke.
4. Febrile seizures are usually benign in children and occur when a fever rises rapidly, but still require evaluation.
5. The cerebellum is responsible for muscle control and body coordination.
6. Status epilepticus is defined as prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness.
7. Hypertension is the most significant risk factor for hemorrhagic stroke as it can damage blood vessels in the brain.

Answer:

1. A. epilepsy
2. C. unable to produce or understand speech
3. C. arm drift, speech, and facial droop
4. C. are usually benign but should be evaluated
5. B. cerebellum
6. D. prolonged seizures without a return of consciousness
7. B. hypertension