Question

1. determine the voltage with respect to ground for output a, b and c in figure 5 - 81(a).
2. determine the minimum and maximum voltage from the voltage - divider in figure 5 - 81(b).

*41. what is the voltage across each resistor in figure 5 - 82? r is the lowest - value resistor, and all others are multiples of that value as indicated.

1. determine the voltage at each point in figure 5 - 83 with respect to the negative side of the battery.
2. if there are 10 v across r1 in figure 5 - 84, what is the voltage across each of the other resistors?

Explanation:

Step1: Identify circuit - related principles

These problems involve electrical - circuit analysis using Ohm's law ($V = IR$) and voltage - division rules.

Step2: For problem 39

We need to analyze the circuit connections to ground and apply circuit laws to find the voltages at points A, B, and C. This may involve considering voltage sources, resistors in the circuit, and how they affect the potential at each point.

Step3: For problem 40

Use the voltage - division formula $V_{out}=\frac{R_{out}}{R_{total}}V_{in}$ to find the minimum and maximum voltages from the voltage divider. The minimum voltage occurs when the load resistance is considered in a certain way (e.g., open - circuit or short - circuit conditions depending on the circuit), and the maximum voltage is related to the configuration of the voltage divider resistors.

Step4: For problem 41

Apply Ohm's law and the concept of series - connected resistors. If $R$ is the lowest - value resistor and others are multiples of it, we can find the total resistance of the circuit and then the current flowing through it. Using $V = IR$, we can find the voltage across each resistor.

Step5: For problem 42

Determine the circuit configuration. If we know the voltage of the battery and the resistors in the circuit, we can use circuit analysis techniques (such as Kirchhoff's laws or voltage - division) to find the voltage across $R_1$ with respect to the negative side of the battery.

Since the figures are not provided, we cannot give numerical answers. But the general approach for solving these problems is as described above.

Answer:

Without the actual figures (Figure 5 - 81(a), Figure 5 - 81(b), Figure 5 - 82, Figure 5 - 83), numerical answers cannot be provided. However, the methods for solving are as described in the explanation steps.