Question

1. define the jurisdictions of the judicial system.

original jurisdiction:
appellate jurisdiction:
limited jurisdiction:
exclusive jurisdiction:
concurrent jurisdiction:

Explanation:

• Original jurisdiction: Courts with original jurisdiction are the first to hear a case. For example, trial courts (like district courts in the US federal system) have original jurisdiction as they handle cases initially, taking evidence, hearing testimony, and making initial rulings.
• Appellate jurisdiction: Courts with appellate jurisdiction review decisions from lower courts. Appellate courts (e.g., US Courts of Appeals) don't retry cases but assess if legal errors occurred in the lower - court proceedings.
• Limited jurisdiction: These courts can only hear specific types of cases. For instance, small - claims courts handle cases with low monetary value, and family courts deal with family - related matters like divorce or child custody.
• Exclusive jurisdiction: Only specific courts can hear these cases. For example, the US Supreme Court has exclusive jurisdiction over some cases involving states, and federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over cases like bankruptcy or patent disputes.
• Concurrent jurisdiction: Multiple courts (e.g., federal and state courts in some US cases) can hear the same type of case. A case involving a federal question and state - law claims might be heard in either federal or state court, depending on the circumstances.

Answer:

• Original jurisdiction: The authority of a court to hear a case for the first time, typically involving fact - finding and initial legal rulings (e.g., trial courts).
• Appellate jurisdiction: The power of a court to review decisions made by lower courts to determine if legal errors occurred (e.g., appellate courts).
• Limited jurisdiction: The court's authority to hear only specific types of cases, such as small - claims or family - law cases.
• Exclusive jurisdiction: The situation where only a particular court (or set of courts) has the right to hear a specific type of case (e.g., federal courts in bankruptcy cases).
• Concurrent jurisdiction: The ability of more than one court system (e.g., federal and state courts in some instances) to hear the same type of case.