Question

4.22 q: a 400 - newton girl standing on a dock exerts a force of 100 new - tons on a 10,000 - newton sailboat as she pushes it away from the dock. how much force does the sailboat exert on the girl? (a) 25 n (b) 100 n (c) 400 n (d) 10,000 n 4.23 q: a carpenter hits a nail with a hammer. com - pared to the magnitude of the force the hammer exerts on the nail, the magnitude of the force the nail exerts on the hammer during contact is (a) less (b) greater (c) the same

Explanation:

4.22 Q:

Step1: Apply Newton's 3rd Law

According to Newton's 3rd Law $\vec{F}_{1\text{on}2}=-\vec{F}_{2\text{on}1}$, the force exerted by the girl on the sailboat and the force exerted by the sailboat on the girl are an action - reaction pair.

Step2: Determine the force magnitude

Since the magnitudes of action - reaction forces are equal, if the girl exerts a force of \(F = 100\space N\) on the sailboat, the sailboat exerts a force of \(100\space N\) on the girl.

4.23 Q:

Step1: Apply Newton's 3rd Law

For the hammer - nail interaction, by Newton's 3rd Law \(\vec{F}_{\text{hammer on nail}}=-\vec{F}_{\text{nail on hammer}}\).

Step2: Compare force magnitudes

The magnitudes of the force the hammer exerts on the nail and the force the nail exerts on the hammer are equal.

Answer:

4.22 Q: B. \(100\space N\)
4.23 Q: C. the same