Question

1. in the years after reconstruction, sharecropping was a common land arrangement.

sharecropping

• tenant farmers rented small tracts of land.
• tenant paid rent in the form of a share of the years crop.
• after harvest, tenant repaid landowner for costs of equipment.
• tenants were often in debt after the years accounts were settled.

the system described above brought about which result?
a. a continued cycle of poverty
b. federal regulation of farm credit
c. establishment of agricultural colleges
d. low food prices due to overproduction

1. reconstruction comes to an end in the south.

↓
white government officials regain power in the south.
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southern states begin to implement poll taxes, literacy tests, and grandfather clauses.
during the late 19th century, the above sequence of events resulted in the
a. disfranchisement of most african americans in the south.
b. movement to repeal the 14th amendment to the constitution.
c. strengthening of the republican party in the south.
d. expansion of free public education to all children.
23.
o state...shall...deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law.\
during reconstruction, this clause was adopted to protect
a. native americans who were being settled on reservations
b. newly freed slaves in the south
c. defeated confederate soldiers returning to their homes
d. settlers moving west of the mississippi river

1. in the period between 1820 and 1860, southerners wanted slavery extended to the western territories so that the south could

a. continue to elect southern presidents
b. continue to dominate the supreme court
c. keep enough strength in the senate to protect southern interests
d. use slave labor to expand southern industries

1. jim crow laws, which were passed in southern states following reconstruction, were intended to

a. support the goals of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments.
b. encourage african-americans to buy their own farms.
c. provide basic education to former slaves.
d. institute racial segregation.

1. section 1.

all persons born or naturalized in the united states, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the united states and of the state wherein they reside. no state shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the united states; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
fourteenth amendment, 1868
how did the fourteenth amendment affect the american legal system?
a. it required that laws be applied equally to all citizens.
b. it granted citizenship to all residents of the united states.
c. it ensured that a state could not take a citizens personal property.
d. it extended the concept of community standards to state laws.

1. which statement best describes the economic differences between the north and south just prior to the civil war?

a. the northern economy was primarily agricultural, while the southern economy was based on manufacturing.
b. jobs on plantations attracted more european immigrants to the south than to the north.
c. transportation systems were more developed in the north than in the south.
d. the southern economy was more diversified than the northern economy.

Explanation:

• Question 20: Sharecropping often led to a cycle of debt and poverty for tenant farmers. They had to pay back the landowner for equipment and other costs, and after accounting, they were often in debt, leading to a continuous cycle of poverty.
• Question 21: The clause "No State...shall...deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law" was adopted during Reconstruction mainly to protect newly freed slaves in the South who were vulnerable to unjust treatment and deprivation of rights.
• Question 22: After Reconstruction, Southern states used various means (like poll taxes, literacy tests) to limit African - American political power. But they still wanted to have enough strength in the Senate to protect Southern interests (such as agricultural and economic interests related to their way of life).
• Question 23: Jim Crow laws were specifically designed to institute racial segregation, creating separate facilities and social structures for different races, which was a violation of the spirit (though not initially enforced in the way it should have been) of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.
• Question 24: The Fourteenth Amendment's equal protection clause and due process clause required that laws be applied equally to all citizens. It defined citizenship and set limits on state laws regarding citizens' rights.
• Question 25: Just prior to the Civil War, the North had more developed transportation systems (like railroads) which were crucial for its manufacturing - based economy, while the South was more agrarian and had less developed internal transportation in comparison.

Answer:

• 20. A. A continued cycle of poverty
• 21. B. newly freed slaves in the South
• 22. C. keep enough strength in the Senate to protect Southern interests
• 23. D. institute racial segregation
• 24. A. It required that laws be applied equally to all citizens
• 25. C. Transportation systems were more developed in the North than in the South