Question

1. complete the following chart:

k mg ne n cl si
atomic #
period
group #
family name
(if any)

of valence

( e ^ { - } )

protons

metal,
nonmetal, or
metalloid?
conducts
electricity?
(yes/no)
state at room
temperature?
ion formed?
(positive,
negative,
none, varies)

Explanation:

Step1: Refer to the periodic table

The atomic number (\(Z\)) of an element is equal to the number of protons in its nucleus. The period number indicates the row in the periodic table, and the group number (for main - group elements) is related to the number of valence electrons (\(n_s + n_p\) electrons for \(s\) and \(p\) - block elements). Metals (except mercury) are solids at room temperature, conduct electricity, and tend to form positive ions. Non - metals are usually poor conductors (except graphite), and can form negative ions. Metalloids have intermediate properties. Noble gases (\(Ne\)) have a full valence shell (\(8\) electrons for \(n\geq2\)) and do not form ions easily.

For \(K\) (Potassium)

• Atomic #: From the periodic table, \(Z = 19\)
• Period: It is in period \(4\)
• Group #: Group \(1\) (alkali metals)
• Family name: Alkali metal
• # of valence \(e^-\): \(1\) (since it is in group \(1\), \(ns^1\) configuration)
• # protons: \(19\) (atomic number = number of protons)
• Metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?: Metal
• Conducts electricity? (yes/no): Yes
• State at room temperature?: Solid
• Ion Formed? (positive, negative, none, varies): Positive (\(K^+\))

For \(Mg\) (Magnesium)

• Atomic #: \(Z = 12\)
• Period: Period \(3\)
• Group #: Group \(2\) (alkali - earth metals)
• Family name: Alkali - earth metal
• # of valence \(e^-\): \(2\) (\(ns^2\) configuration)
• # protons: \(12\)
• Metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?: Metal
• Conducts electricity? (yes/no): Yes
• State at room temperature?: Solid
• Ion Formed? (positive, negative, none, varies): Positive (\(Mg^{2 +}\))

For \(Ne\) (Neon)

• Atomic #: \(Z = 10\)
• Period: Period \(2\)
• Group #: Group \(18\) (noble gases)
• Family name: Noble gas
• # of valence \(e^-\): \(8\) (\(2s^22p^6\) configuration)
• # protons: \(10\)
• Metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?: Non - metal
• Conducts electricity? (yes/no): No
• State at room temperature?: Gas
• Ion Formed? (positive, negative, none, varies): None (stable octet)

For \(N\) (Nitrogen)

• Atomic #: \(Z = 7\)
• Period: Period \(2\)
• Group #: Group \(15\)
• Family name: Pnictogen
• # of valence \(e^-\): \(5\) (\(2s^22p^3\) configuration)
• # protons: \(7\)
• Metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?: Non - metal
• Conducts electricity? (yes/no): No
• State at room temperature?: Gas
• Ion Formed? (positive, negative, none, varies): Negative (\(N^{3-}\))

For \(Cl\) (Chlorine)

• Atomic #: \(Z = 17\)
• Period: Period \(3\)
• Group #: Group \(17\) (halogens)
• Family name: Halogen
• # of valence \(e^-\): \(7\) (\(3s^23p^5\) configuration)
• # protons: \(17\)
• Metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?: Non - metal
• Conducts electricity? (yes/no): No
• State at room temperature?: Gas
• Ion Formed? (positive, negative, none, varies): Negative (\(Cl^-\))

For \(Si\) (Silicon)

• Atomic #: \(Z = 14\)
• Period: Period \(3\)
• Group #: Group \(14\)
• Family name: None (metalloid)
• # of valence \(e^-\): \(4\) (\(3s^23p^2\) configuration)
• # protons: \(14\)
• Metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?: Metalloid
• Conducts electricity? (yes/no): Yes (semiconductor)
• State at room temperature?: Solid
• Ion Formed? (positive, negative, none, varies): Varies (\(Si^{4+}\) or \(Si^{4 -}\) in some compounds, but more commonly forms covalent bonds)

Answer:

	\(K\)	\(Mg\)	\(Ne\)	\(N\)	\(Cl\)	\(Si\)
Period	\(4\)	\(3\)	\(2\)	\(2\)	\(3\)	\(3\)
Group #	\(1\)	\(2\)	\(18\)	\(15\)	\(17\)	\(14\)
Family name (if any)	Alkali metal	Alkali - earth metal	Noble gas	Pnictogen	Halogen	None (metalloid)
# of valence \(e^-\)	\(1\)	\(2\)	\(8\)	\(5\)	\(7\)	\(4\)
# protons	\(19\)	\(12\)	\(10\)	\(7\)	\(17\)	\(14\)
Metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?	Metal	Metal	Non - metal	Non - metal	Non - metal	Metalloid
Conducts electricity? (yes/no)	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes (semiconductor)
State at room temperature?	Solid	Solid	Gas	Gas	Gas	Solid
Ion Formed? (positive, negative, none, varies)	Positive (\(K^+\))	Positive (\(Mg^{2+}\))	None	Negative (\(N^{3 -}\))	Negative (\(Cl^-\))	Varies