Question

1. the axons of ganglion cells converge to form

a) bipolar cells.
b) the olfactory epithelium.
c) the optic nerve.
d) the basilar membrane.
e) the auditory nerve.

1. which theory best explains the occurrence of afterimages?

a) signal-detection
b) frequency
c) trichromatic
d) place
e) opponent-process

1. the surgical removal of a large tumor from danes occipital lobe resulted in extensive

loss of brain tissue. dane is most likely to suffer some loss of
a) visual perception.
b) speaking ability.
c) language comprehension.
d) pain sensations.
e) muscular coordination.

1. direct stimulation of the motor cortex would be most likely to result in

a) acceleration of heartbeat.
b) intense pain.
c) feelings of anger.
d) a sensation of being touched on the arm.
e) movement of the mouth and lips.

1. which of the following best describes how the brain processes and controls language?

a) speech is primarily controlled in the occipital lobes, although association areas in
the parietal lobes are also involved.
b) subfunctions of speech (such as producing speech, reading aloud, and
understanding speech) are processed by different parts of the brain.
c) men and women process speech in different parts of the brain, determined primarily
by genetics and early environmental conditions.
d) the brainstem processes the basic parts of speech and communicates with the
frontal lobes motor cortex.
e) speech is such an important function of the brain that the right temporal lobe is
devoted to it.

Explanation:

• Question 16: Ganglion cell axons converge to form the optic nerve. Bipolar cells are part of the retinal cell layers before ganglion cells. The olfactory epithelium is related to smell. The basilar membrane is in the ear for hearing. The auditory nerve is also for hearing.
• Question 17: The opponent - process theory explains afterimages. The signal - detection theory is about detecting signals in noise. The frequency and place theories are for hearing. The trichromatic theory explains color vision in terms of three types of cones but not afterimages as well as the opponent - process theory.
• Question 18: The occipital lobe is mainly responsible for visual perception. Speaking ability is often associated with Broca's area (usually in the frontal lobe). Language comprehension is related to Wernicke's area (usually in the temporal lobe). Pain sensations are processed in various areas including the somatosensory cortex. Muscular coordination is related to the cerebellum and motor cortex.
• Question 19: Direct stimulation of the motor cortex is most likely to cause movement. The motor cortex controls voluntary movements. Acceleration of heartbeat is more related to the autonomic nervous system. Intense pain is related to the somatosensory cortex. Feelings of anger are related to the limbic system. A sensation of being touched is related to the somatosensory cortex.
• Question 20: Different sub - functions of speech (such as production, reading aloud, and understanding) are processed by different parts of the brain. Speech is not primarily controlled in the occipital lobes (which are for vision). While men and women may have some differences in brain function, it is not the main way to describe language processing. The brainstem is not the main area for speech processing (it controls basic life functions like breathing). The right temporal lobe is not primarily devoted to speech (the left hemisphere is more dominant for speech in most people).

Answer:

1. C. the optic nerve
2. E. opponent - process
3. A. visual perception
4. E. movement of the mouth and lips
5. B. Subfunctions of speech (such as producing speech, reading aloud, and understanding speech) are processed by different parts of the brain.