Question

1. during heavy rainfall, a streams velocity increases from 5 cm/s to 100 cm/s. which new types of particles could the stream begin to carry?
2. youre on a hike, and most of the sediment you see in a river are cobbles and pebbles. are you likely towards the beginning or end of the river? explain why you think that.

streambed & erosion application

1. where would you expect to find larger particles—on the inside or outside of a river bend? explain why.
2. if the stream velocity is faster on the outer curve of a meander, which particles are likely to remain in motion there?
3. why does silt and clay settle on the inner bank while pebbles and sand are found on the outer bank of a bend?
4. during a flood, the stream velocity increases sharply. what changes in particle size might you observe along the streambed?
5. if the velocity of a stream drops rapidly after a storm, which particles will settle first, and why?
6. how does increased stream velocity affect the streams ability to erode particles?
7. what types of particles are most easily eroded when the stream velocity is low?
8. why are larger particles harder to erode even in fast - moving sections of a stream?
9. how does stream velocity affect the depth and shape of a streambed over time?
10. if the velocity of a stream increases from 10 cm/s to 100 cm/s, how will the rate of erosion change?

additional practice questions
why do larger particles, such as boulders, require a higher stream velocity to be transported compared to smaller particles, like sand?
why might silt and clay require a slightly higher velocity than you might expect, despite their small size?
how might a flood, which increases stream velocity, affect the size of particles transported by a river?

Explanation:

1. Larger particles - river bend: Larger particles are found on the inside of a river - bend. This is because the water velocity is lower on the inside of the bend, and larger particles are deposited where the velocity is insufficient to carry them.
2. Particles in outer - curve motion: Heavier and larger particles are likely to remain in motion on the outer curve of a meander where the stream velocity is faster. Faster - moving water has more energy to keep larger particles in suspension.
3. Silt/clay and pebbles/sand in bend: Silt and clay settle on the inner bank because the slower water velocity there cannot keep these fine particles in suspension. Pebbles and sand are found on the outer bank as the faster - moving water on the outer bank can carry these larger particles.
4. Flood - particle size change: During a flood, as stream velocity increases sharply, larger particles that were previously immobile may start to be transported. The stream may carry cobbles, boulders, etc., in addition to the usual smaller particles.
5. Particle settling after storm: Larger and heavier particles will settle first when the stream velocity drops rapidly after a storm. This is because they require a higher velocity to remain in suspension.
6. Stream velocity - erosion ability: Increased stream velocity increases the stream's ability to erode particles. Faster - moving water has more kinetic energy, which can dislodge and carry away larger and more particles.
7. Easily eroded particles at low velocity: Silt and clay are most easily eroded when the stream velocity is low. These fine - grained particles require less energy to be lifted and carried by the water.
8. Difficulty in eroding larger particles: Larger particles are harder to erode even in fast - moving sections because they have more mass and require more force (higher water velocity) to be dislodged and transported.
9. Stream velocity - streambed depth/shape: Higher stream velocity leads to more erosion, deepening the streambed and potentially cutting a narrower channel. Lower velocity results in deposition, shallowing the streambed and widening the channel over time.
10. Stream velocity - erosion rate change: As the velocity increases from 10 cm/s to 100 cm/s, the rate of erosion will increase significantly. Faster water has more energy to break down and carry away sediment.
11. Larger particles and higher velocity: Larger particles like boulders require a higher stream velocity to be transported because they have more mass and inertia. More force (higher water velocity) is needed to overcome their resistance to movement.
12. Silt/clay and higher - than - expected velocity: Silt and clay may require a slightly higher velocity than expected despite their small size because they can stick together due to cohesive forces, making them harder to erode and transport.
13. Flood and particle size: A flood, which increases stream velocity, allows the river to transport larger particles. The increased energy of the water enables it to carry particles that were previously immobile.

Answer:

1. On the inside of a river bend. Slower water velocity on the inside causes deposition of larger particles.
2. Larger and heavier particles. Faster water on the outer curve can keep them in motion.
3. Silt and clay have low settling velocity and settle on the inner bank with slower water. Pebbles and sand are carried by faster water on the outer bank.
4. Larger particles may start to be transported. Increased velocity gives more energy to carry larger masses.
5. Larger and heavier particles. They need higher velocity to remain suspended.
6. Increased stream velocity enhances the stream's erosion ability due to more kinetic energy.
7. Silt and clay. They are fine - grained and require less energy to be eroded.
8. They have more mass and inertia, so more force (higher velocity) is needed to move them.
9. Higher velocity erodes more, deepening and potentially narrowing the streambed; lower velocity causes deposition, shallowing and widening it.
10. The rate of erosion will increase significantly as faster water has more energy for erosion.
11. Due to their greater mass and inertia, more force (higher velocity) is needed to move them.
12. Cohesive forces can make them stick together, requiring more energy (higher velocity) to erode and transport.
13. A flood allows the river to transport larger particles as the increased velocity provides more energy for transportation.