Question

1. what is a major drawback of asexual reproduction? a. it does not create genetic diversity b. it is too slow c. it requires a lot of energy 12. which organisms rely on sexual reproduction? a. bacteria and protists b. most animals, plants, and fungi c. all single - celled organisms 13. what is the result of fertilization? a. a clone of the parents b. a zygote with traits from both parents c. a fully developed organism 14. what is the main advantage of sexual reproduction? a. it is faster than asexual reproduction b. it does not require a mate c. it creates genetic diversity 15. which organism uses fragmentation? a. starfish b. bacteria c. yeast 16. what is an example of a survival benefit of fragmentation? a. quick colonization of new areas b. recovery from injury c. slower reproduction rates 17. what step follows gamete formation in sexual reproduction? a. development b. meiosis c. fertilization 18. why is genetic diversity helpful to populations? a. it allows for faster reproduction b. it helps populations survive environmental changes c. it eliminates all harmful traits 19. which of the following is not a form of asexual reproduction? a. binary fission b. fragmentation c. fertilization 20. which of the following organisms can reproduce both sexually and asexually? a. plants b. bacteria c. humans

Explanation:

• Question 11: Asexual reproduction does not involve genetic recombination, so it lacks genetic diversity.
• Question 12: Most animals, plants, and fungi use sexual reproduction. Bacteria mainly use asexual reproduction (binary fission), and not all single - celled organisms use sexual reproduction.
• Question 13: Fertilization is the union of gametes (sperm and egg) to form a zygote, which has traits from both parents. A clone is from asexual reproduction, and a zygote is not a fully developed organism yet.
• Question 14: Sexual reproduction creates genetic diversity through processes like meiosis and fertilization. It is generally slower than asexual reproduction and requires a mate.
• Question 15: Starfish can use fragmentation (regenerating from a part). Bacteria use binary fission (asexual), and yeast can use budding (asexual).
• Question 16: Fragmentation can help in recovery from injury (e.g., starfish regenerating). Quick colonization is more of an advantage of asexual reproduction in general (not specific to fragmentation's survival benefit), and slower reproduction rates are not a benefit.
• Question 17: After gamete formation (by meiosis), the next step in sexual reproduction is fertilization (union of gametes), then development.
• Question 18: Genetic diversity helps populations survive environmental changes as there is a greater chance that some individuals have traits suitable for the new environment. It does not allow for faster reproduction (asexual is often faster), and it does not eliminate all harmful traits.
• Question 19: Binary fission and fragmentation are asexual. Fertilization is part of sexual reproduction.
• Question 20: Plants can reproduce sexually (using flowers, seeds etc.) and asexually (e.g., vegetative propagation). Bacteria mainly asexually, and humans only sexually.

Answer:

1. a. it does not create genetic diversity
2. b. most animals, plants, and fungi
3. b. a zygote with traits from both parents
4. c. it creates genetic diversity
5. a. starfish
6. b. recovery from injury
7. c. fertilization
8. b. it helps populations survive environmental changes
9. c. fertilization
10. a. plants