Question

1. which of these leaders of empires came first?

a hammurabi
b. nebuchadnezzar
c. sargon
d. cyrus

1. what was a problem caused by sumerian city - states independence from one another?

a. they had very few different natural resources available.
b. they could not defend themselves against stronger groups.
c. they did not cooperate to build irrigation systems.
d. they were unable to trade crops with one another.

Explanation:

Question 6

To determine which leader came first, we analyze the timelines:

• Sargon (of Akkad) ruled around 2334 - 2279 BCE, founding the Akkadian Empire.
• Hammurabi (of Babylon) ruled around 1792 - 1750 BCE.
• Nebuchadnezzar (of Babylon) ruled around 605 - 562 BCE.
• Cyrus (of Persia) ruled around 559 - 530 BCE.

Sargon’s reign predates the others.

Sumerian city - states were independent. Each city - state had its own government and defenses. When stronger outside groups (like nomadic raiders or emerging empires) attacked, individual city - states, with limited military resources and lack of a unified defense, struggled to defend themselves.

• Option A: Sumerian city - states had access to resources (e.g., fertile land for farming).
• Option C: They were capable of building irrigation systems (e.g., the Tigris - Euphrates irrigation networks).
• Option D: They traded with each other (e.g., for goods like metals or stones not locally available).

So the main problem from their independence was defense against stronger groups.

Answer:

C. Sargon

Question 7